Emt: Brady Emergency Care 11Th Edition - Chapter 28 - Musculoskeletal Injuries

Front 1

Define "extremities"

Back 1

the portions of the skeleton that include the clavicles, scapulae, arms, wrists, and hands, and the pelvis, thighs, legs, ankles, and feet

Front 2

Define "bones"

Back 2

hard but flexible living structures that provide support for the body and protection of vital organs

Front 3

Define "joints"

Back 3

Places where bones articulate, or meet

Front 4

What are the three main purposes of bones?

Back 4

Provide body's framework

Support and protection

Production of red blood cells

Front 5

What are the four most basic classifications of bones, according to their appearance?

Back 5

Long

Short

Flat

Irregular

Front 6

What type of bone is the femur?

Back 6

Long

Front 7

What type of the bones are vertebrae?

Back 7

irregular

Front 8

What do ligaments do?

Back 8

connect bone to bone

Front 9

What do tendons do?

Back 9

connect muscle to bone

Front 10

What is the periosteum?

Back 10

Strong, white, fibrous material surrounding bone. Blood vessels and nerves pass through it. It's obvious when it's exposed.

Front 11

What bones make up the axial skeleton?

Back 11

Skull

Spine

Ribs

Sternum

Front 12

What bones make up the appendicular skeleton?

Back 12

The bones of the extremities.

Front 13

What are the three types of muscles?

Back 13

Skeletal

Smooth

Cardiac

Front 14

What is cartilage?

Back 14

Tough tissue that covers the joint ends of bones and helps the body form certain parts such as the ear.

Front 15

What is the septum of the nose bone made of?

Back 15

Cartilage

Front 16

What is the trachea made of?

Back 16

Cartilage

Front 17

Define "tendons"

Back 17

Tissues that connect muscle to bone -- they are bands of connective tissue that give us the power of movement

Front 18

Define "ligaments"

Back 18

Connective tissues that connect bone to bone and support the joints

Front 19

What are the four basic types of musculoskeletal injuries?

Back 19

Fracture

Dislocation

Sprain

Strain

Front 20

What are some symptoms of bone fracture?

Back 20

Pain

Tenderness

Grating or crepitus

Swelling

Bruising

Exposed bone ends

Joints locked in position

Blood vessel and nerve compromise

Front 21

Define "open fracture"

Back 21

A bone fracture that breaks the skin

Front 22

Define "closed fracture"

Back 22

A bone fracture that doesn't break the skin

Front 23

How do you proceed with a "load and go" or unstable patient with multiple fractures?

Back 23

Address ABCs

Use long spine board

Do not splint individual injuries on the scene

Front 24

What are the purposes of a splint?

Back 24

Immobilize joints and bone ends

Decrease pain

Prevent additional injuries

Front 25

What are the purposes of realigning a fractured bone?

Back 25

Restore effective circulation

Make splints effective

Decrease circulatory compromise

Reduction in pain

Front 26

What are the general rules for fracture realignment?

Back 26

Grasp distal extremity for support

Splint in position found

If extremity is cyanotic or lacks pulse, realign

Apply manual traction -- if resistance, stop and splint. If no resistance, maintain traction until splint applied

Front 27

Define "traction splint"

Back 27

A splint that applies constant pull along the length of a lower extremity to help stabilize the fractured bone and to reduce muscle spasm in the limb. Traction splints are used primarily on femoral shaft fractures.

Front 28

What type of bones are found in the arms and thighs?

Back 28

Long bones

Front 29

Where do you find the major short bones of the body?

Back 29

The hands and feet

Front 30

What is the strong, white, fibrous membrane that surrounds bones and allows blood vessels and nerves to pass through?

Back 30

The periosteum

Front 31

What tissues and fibers cause movement of the body?

Back 31

Muscles

Front 32

What do you call an injury in which bone ends are separated from one another?

Back 32

Dislocation

Front 33

What type of splint is most effective in immobilizing joint injuries in their position?

Back 33

Formable splints

Front 34

After taking BSI precautions, exposing the area, and controlling any external bleeding, the next step in immobilizing a long bone fracture is:

Back 34

Applying manual stabilization

Front 35

If a patient’s injured leg appears shorter than the other, an EMT-B should suspect:

Back 35

Hip fracture

Front 36

The splint best suited for stabilization of a dislocated shoulder or a foot/ankle injury is a(n):

Back 36

soft splint or pillow splint

Front 37

The splint best suited for easing pain of muscle spasm associated with fractures of the femur is a(n):

Back 37

Traction splint

Front 38

Muscle injuries resulting from overstretching or overexertion of the muscle are called:

Back 38

Strains

Front 39

What is the most common type of bone injury?

Back 39

A break or fracture

Front 40

What are the three classifications of bone fractures?

Back 40

Comminuted, angulated, and greenstick

Front 41

When assessing a patient, what does the acronym PMS stand for?

Back 41

Pulse, motor, sensory

Front 42

For any splint to be effective, what must it immobilize?

Back 42

Adjacent joints and bone ends

Front 43

Studies of mechanisms of injury indicate that infants and children with fractured femurs often have injury to:

Back 43

Internal organs

Front 44

What are the most common injuries to the ankle and foot?

Back 44

Fractures and sprains

Front 45

What do you call a triangular bandage used to support the shoulder and the arm?

Back 45

A sling

Front 46

What kind of splint would you use to immobilize a midshaft femur fracture?

Back 46

A traction splint

Front 47

Splinting a closed, angulated fracture in the position in which it was found is usually ineffective, and may cause a(n):

Back 47

open fracture during transport

Front 48

If your initial assessment reveals an unstable patient, splinting of extremity injuries becomes a ____ priority.

Back 48

Low

Front 49

A new alternative to the use of a pneumatic anti-shock garment in the treatment of pelvic injuries is a(n):

Back 49

Pelvic wrap

Front 50

Bones are living tissue, and bleed when injured. A simple tibia-fibula fracture can result in blood loss of:

Back 50

500 cc

Front 51

Bones are made of dense _____ tissue.

Back 51

Connective

Front 52

The trachea is made of _____.

Back 52

Cartilage

Front 53

_______ fractures are considered very serious because they can result in a 3-4 pint internal blood loss.

Back 53

Pelvic

Front 54

True or false: It is not important for the EMT to decide if a bone really has been fractured. If it is painful, or swollen, provide care as if it is a fracture.

Back 54

True

Front 55

True or false: To restore a pedal pulse following a knee dislocation, you may be required to move the injured knee anteriorly.

Back 55

True

Front 56

What term is used to describe the grating sound of broken bones rubbing on each other?

Back 56

Crepitus