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77 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Alpha
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Type of energy that is emitted from a strong radiological source; it is the least harmful penetrating type of radiation and cannot travel fast or through most objects
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Anthrax
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A deadly bacteria that lays dormant in a score; the germs are released from the spore when exposed to the optimal temperature and moisture. The route of entry is inhalation, cutaneous, or gastrointestinal.
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Bacteria
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Microorganisms that reproduce by binary fission. The single-cell creatures reproduce rapidly. Some can form spores when environmental conditions are harsh.
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beta
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Type of energy that is emitted from a strong radiological source; slightly more penetrating than alpha, and requires a layer of clothing to stop it
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botulinum
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Produced by bacteria, This is a very potent neurotoxin. When introduced into the body, this neurotoxin affects the nervous system's ability to function and causes botulism
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buboes
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Enlarged lymph nodes (up to the size of a tennis ball) that were characteristics of people infected with bubonic plague
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The bubonic plague
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An epidemic that spread throughout Europe in the Middle Ages, causing over 25 million deaths, also called the Black death, transmitted by infected fleas characterized by acute malaise, fever, and the formation of tender, enlarged, with inflamed lymph nodes that appear as lesions, called Buboes
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Chlorine (CL)
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The first chemical agent ever used in warfare. It has a distinct odor of bleach, and creates a green haze releases as a gas. Initially it produces upper airway irritation and a choking sensation
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Communicability
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Describes how easily a disease spreads from one human to another human
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Contact hazard
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A hazardous agent that gives off a very little or no vapors; the skin is the primary route for this type of chemicals into the body; also called a skin hazard
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Contagious
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A person infected with the disease is highly communicable
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Convert
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Act in which the public safety community generally has no prior knowledge of the time, location, or nature of the attack
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Cross-contamination
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Occurs when a person is contaminated by an agent as a result of coming into contact with another contaminated person
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Cyanide
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Agent that affects the body's ability to use oxygen. It is a colorless gas that has an odor similar to almonds. Effect begin on the cellular level and are very rapidly seen the organ system level
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Decay
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A natural process in which a material that is unstable it is to stabilize itself by changing its structure
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Dirty bomb
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Name given to a bond that is used as a radiological dispersal device
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Disease vector
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An animal that spread the disease, once infected, to another animal
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Dissemination
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The means with which a terrorists will spread a disease, for example, by poisoning the water supply, or aerosolizing in the agent into the air or ventilation system of the building
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Domestic terrorism
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Terrorism carried out by native citizens of the country being attacked
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G agents
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Early nerve agents that were developed by German scientists in the period after World War I and World War II. There are three such agents: sarin, soman, and tabun
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Gamma (X.-rays)
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Type of energy that is emitted from a strong radiological source that is far faster and stronger than alpha and beta rays. These rays easily penetrate through the human body and require either several inches of lead or concrete to prevent penetration
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Incubation
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Describes the period of time from a person being exposed to disease to the time when symptoms begin
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International terrorism
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Terrorism is carried out by those not of the host country; also known as cross-border terrorism
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Ionizing radiation
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Energy is emitted in the form of rays, or particles
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LD50
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The amount of an agent or substance that will kill 50% of people who are exposed to this level
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Lewisite (L)
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A blistering agent at the rapid onset of symptoms and produces immediate intense pain and discomfort on contact
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Lymph nodes
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Area of the lymphatic system where infection-fighting cells are housed
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Lymphatic system
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A passive circulatory system to transport a plasma-like liquid called lymph, a thin fluid that bathes the tissues of the body
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MARK 1
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A nerve agent antidote kit containing two auto-injector medications, atropine and 2-PAM chloride (pralidoxime chloride); also known as Nerve Agent Antidote Kit (NAAK)
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miosis
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bilateral pinpoint constricted pupils
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mutagen
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Substance that mutates, damages, and changes the structures of DNA in the body's cells.
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NAAK
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A nerve agent antidote kit containing two auto-injector medications, atropine and 2-PAM chloride (pralidoxime chloride); also known as MARK 1 kit.
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nerve agents
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A class of chemical called organophosophates; they function by blocking an essential enzyme in the nervous system, which causes the body's organs to become overstimulated and burn out.
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Neurotoxins
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Biological agents that are the most deadly substances known to humans; they include botulinum toxin and ricin
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Neutron radiation
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Type of energy that is emitted from a strong radiological source; neutron radiation is the fastest moving and most powerful form of radiation. Neutrons easily penetrate through lead, and require several feet of concrete to stop them
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Off-gassing
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The emitting agent after exposure, for example from a person's clothes that have been exposed to the agent
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Persistency
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Term used to describe how long a chemical agent will stay on a surface before it evaporates
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Phosgene
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Pulmonary agent that is a product of combustion, such as might be produced in a fire at a textile factory or house, or from metalwork or burning Freon. Feinstein is a very potent agent that has a delayed onset of symptoms, usually hours
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Phosgene oxime (CX)
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A blistering agent that has a rapid onset of symptoms and produces immediate intense pain and discomfort on contact
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Pneumonic plague
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A lung infection, also known as plague pneumonia, that is the result of inhalation of plague bacteria
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Points of distribution (PODs)
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Strategically placed facilities that have been pre-established for the mass distribution of antibiotics, antidotes, vaccinations, with other medications and supplies
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Radioactive material
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Any material that emits radiation
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Radiological dispersal device (RDD)
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Any container that is designed to disperse radioactive material
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Ricin
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Neurotoxin toxin derived from -- that is left from the castor bean; causes pulmonary edema and respiratory and circulatory failure, leading to death
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Route of exposure
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Manner by which a toxic substance enters the body
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Sarin (G D)
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A nerve agent that is one of the G agent; a highly volatile colorless, odorless liquid that turns from liquid to gas within seconds to minutes at room temperature.
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Secondary device
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Additional explosives used by terrorists, which are set to explode after the initial bomb
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Smallpox
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A highly contagious disease; it is most contagious when blisters began to form.
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Soman (G. D)
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The nerve agent is one of the G agents; twice as persistent as sarin and five times as legal; it has a fruity odor, as a result of the type of alcohol used in agent, and it's both a contact and inhalation hazard that can enter the body through skin absorption and through the respiratory tract
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Special Atomic Demolition Munitions (SADM)
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Small suit case-sized nuclear weapons that were designed to destroy individual targets, such as important buildings, bridges, tunnels, or large ship
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State-sponsored terrorism
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Terrorism is funded and/or supported by nations that hold close ties with terrorist groups
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Sulfur mustard (H)
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A vesicant; it is a brownish-yellowish oily substance that is generally considered very persistent; has the distinct smell of garlic or mustard and, when released, is quickly absorbed into the skin and/or mucous membranes and begins an irreversible process of damaging the cells
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syndromic surveillance
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The monitoring, usually by local or state health department, of patients presenting to the emergency department and alternative care facilities, a recording of the EMS call volume, and the use of over-the-counter medications.
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Tabun (GA)
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A nerve agent that is one of the G agent; is 36 times more persistent than sarin and approximately half as lethal; has a fruity smelling and is unique because the components used to manufacture the agent are easy to acquire and the agent is easy to manufacture
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V. agent (VX)
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One of the G agent; it is a clear, oily agent that has no odor and looked like baby oil; over 100 times more lethal than sarin and is extremely persistent
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Vapor hazard
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An agent that enters the body through the respiratory tract
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The vesicant
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Blister agent; the primary route of entry for vesicant is through the skin
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Viral hemorrhagic fevers
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Group of diseases that include the Ebola, Rift Valley, and yellow fever viruses among others. This group of viruses caused the blood in the body seep out from the tissues and blood vessels
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Viruses
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Germs that require a living host to multiply and survive
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Volatility
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Term used to describe how long the chemical agent will stay on the surface before it evaporates
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Weapon of mass casualty (WMC)
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Any agent designed to bring about mass death, casualties, and/or massive damage to property and infrastructure (Bridges,, airports, and seaports); also known as weapon of mass destruction
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Weapon of mass destruction (WMD)
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Any agent designed to bring about mass death, casualties, and/or massive damage to property and infrastructure (bridges, tunnels, airports, and seaports); also known as weapon of mass casualty
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Weaponization
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The creation of a weapon from a biological agent generally found in nature and that causes disease; the agent is cultivated, synthesized, and/or mutated to maximize their target populations exposure to the germ
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What are the protective measures that you can take against radioactive elements?
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Time, distance, and shielding
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push packs
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Large containers used to deliver Pods by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. have a delivery time of 12 hours anywhere in the country
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Levels of Ricin that can kill an adult
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1 to 3 mg
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Death rate for pulmonary anthrax
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90%
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Death rates for viral hemorrhagic figures
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Between 5% and 90%
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When a smallpox the most contagious
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When the blisters begin to form
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Industrial uses of cyanide
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Gold and silver mining, photography, lethal injection, and plastics processing
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DUMBELS
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Diarrhea, Urination, Miosis, Bradycardia-bronchospasm, Emesis, Lacrimation, Seizures-Salivation-Sweating
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SLUDGEM
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Salivation-Sweating, Lacrimation, Urination, Defecation-Drooling-Diarrhea, Gastric, Muscle twitching
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Order of Homeland Security Advisory System Terror levels
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Red (Severe), Orange (High), Yellow (Elevated), Blue (Guarded), Green (Low)
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"actors"
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another name for active terrorists
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What is treatment for a Pulmonary Agent?
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Remove the patient from the contaminated area.
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Indicators that an emergency is the result of an attack
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Type of Location, Type of Call, # of patients, victim’s statements, preincident indicators.
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Of what do you notify dispatch in a suspected attack?
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Nature of the event, additional needed resources, # of patients, upwind route of approach/optimal approach`
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