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39 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Aorta
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The main artery, which receives blood from the left ventricle and delivers it to all the other arteries that carry blood to the tissues of the body
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Arterioles
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The smallest branches of arteries leading to the vast network of capillaries
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Artery
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A blood vessel, consisting of three layers of tissue in smooth muscle that carries blood away from the heart
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Capillaries
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The small blood vessels that connect arterioles and venules; various substances passed through capillary walls, into and out of the interstitial fluid, and then onto the cells
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coagulation
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The formation of clots to plug openings and injured blood vessels and stop blood flow
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Contusion
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A bruise, or eccymosis
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Eccymosis
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Discoloration of the skin associated with a closed wound; bruising
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Epistaxis
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A nosebleed
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Hematoma
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A mass of blood in the soft tissues beneath the skin
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Hemophilia
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A congenital condition in which the patient lacks one or more of the blood's normal clotting factors
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Hemorrhage
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Bleeding
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Hypovolemic shock
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A condition in which low blood volume, due to massive internal or external bleeding or extensive loss of body water, result in inadequate perfusion
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Perfusion
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Circulation of blood within an organ or tissue in adequate amounts to meet the current needs of the cells
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Pneumatic antishock garment
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Inflatable device that covers the legs and abdomen; used to splint the lower extremities or pelvis or to control bleeding in the lower extremities, pelvis, or abdominal cavity
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Pressure point
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A point where blood vessel lies near a bone; useful when direct pressure and elevation do not control bleeding
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Shock
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A condition in which the circulatory system fails to provide sufficient circulation so that every body part can perform its function; also called hypoperfusion
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Tourniquet
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The bleeding control method of last resort that includes arterial flow; used only when all other methods have failed in the patient's life is in danger
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The veins
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The blood vessels that carry blood from the tissues to the heart
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What are the seven methods to control bleeding, in order
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Direct local pressure; elevation; pressure dressing; pressure points; splinting device; pneumatic antishock garment; tourniquets
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How do you treat a nosebleed if skull fracture is not suspected
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Pinch post nuptials together for 15 minutes while leaning forward. If the patient is awake and has a patent airway, place gauze pad inside the upper lip against the gum
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How do you treat a nosebleed if skull fracture is suspected
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Place a gauze pad loosely under the nose
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What is hematemesis
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Vomiting blood
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Melena
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Black tarry stools (contain blood)
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Hemoptysis
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Coughing up blood
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What is the most common symptom of internal bleeding
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Pain
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What are contraindications for using a PASG
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Pregnancy; pulmonary edema; acute heart failure; penetrating chest injuries; groin injuries; major head injuries; a transport time of less than 30 minutes
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A systolic blood pressure less than BLANK with a week, rapid pulse should suggest to you the presence of hypoperfusion
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100 mm of mercury
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Bleeding from capillary vessels
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Dark red and oozes from the wound slowly but steadily
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Bleeding from vein
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Darker than arterial bleeding and flows steadily
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Bleeding from an artery
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Characteristically brighter red and spurts in time with the pulse
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What is one unit of blood
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500 mL
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The body will not tolerate an acute blood loss of greater than...
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20% of blood volume
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How much blood volume does the typical adult to have
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70 mL of blood per kilogram of body weight, or 6 L (10 to 12 pints) in a body weighing 80 kg (hundred and 75 pounds)
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How long can the brain and spinal cord last without perfusion
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4 to 6 minutes
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How long will it take kidneys to be damaged with inadequate perfusion
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45 minutes
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How long before skeletal muscle demonstrates injury after inadequate perfusion
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Two hours
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fibrinogen
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Reinforces the red blood cells.
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What is the flow of blood in the body starting with deoxygenated blood entering the heart
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Deoxygenated blood travels back to the heart through the superior and inferior vena cava and enters the heart of the right atrium; the right atrium pumps blood through the tricuspid valve into the right ventricle; the right ventricle pumps blood to the lungs through the right and the left pulmonary artery; the lungs oxygenate the blood; blood returns to the left atrium through the pulmonary veins; the left atrium pumps blood into the left ventricle through the mitral valve; the left ventricle pumps blood out to the body through the aortic valve; the aorta delivers blood to the lesser arteries; arteries move blood through arterioles, which move blood into capillaries, which drop off oxygen and nutrients to the cells while removing waste; blood then travels into the venules, and then in the veins to return to the heart through the vena cava
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Pulse points in the body
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Dorsal pedis; posterior tibial; popiteal; femoral ; radial; ulnar; brachial; carotid; external maxillary; superficial temporal
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