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64 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Addiction
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A state of overwhelming obsession or physical need to continue use of the drug or agent
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Antidote
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A substance that is used to neutralize or counteract a poison
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delirium tremens
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A severe withdrawal syndrome seen in alcoholics who are deprived of ethyl alcohol; characterized by restlessness, fever, sweating, disorientation, agitation, and seizures; can be fatal if untreated.
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Emesis
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Vomiting
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Hallucinogens
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Agents that produce false perceptions in any one of the five senses
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hematemesis
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Vomiting blood
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hypnotic
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A sleep-inducing effect or agent
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Ingestion
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Swallowing; taking a substance by mouth
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Opioids
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Any drug or agent with actions similar to morphine
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Poison
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A substance whose chemical action could damage structures or impair function when introduced into the body
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Sedative
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A substance that decreases activity and excitement
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Stimulant
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An agent that produces an excited state
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Substance abuse
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The misuse of any substance to produce some desired effect
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Tolerance
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The need for increasing amounts of the drug to obtain the same effect
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Toxin
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A poison or harmful substance produced by bacteria, animals, or plant.
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Vomitus
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Vomited material
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Acute poisoning affects...
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5 million children and adults each year
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An EMT's primary responsibility to a patient who had been poisoned
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To recognize that poisoning has occurred
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The questions that you ask a patient that has been poisoned
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1. What substance did you take? 2. When did you take it (or become exposed to it)? 3. How much did you ingest? 4 What actions have been taken? 5. How much do you weigh?
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Signs and symptoms for drug overdose with opioid
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Hypo ventilation or respiratory arrest; pinpoint pupils; sedation or,; hypotension
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Signs and symptoms of drug overdose sympathomimetic
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Hypertension; tachycardia; dilated pupils; agitation or seizures; hyperthermia
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Signs and symptoms of a drug overdose sedative-.hypnotics.
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Slurred speech; sedation or coma; hypoventilation; hypotension
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Signs and symptoms for a drug overdose anticholinergics
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Tachycardia; hyperthermia; hypertension; dilated pupils; dry skin and mucous membrane; sedation, agitation, seizures, coma, or delirium; decreased bowel sounds
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Signs and symptoms for drug overdose cholinergic
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Excessive defecation or urination; muscle fasticulations; pinpoint pupils; excessive lacrimation or salivation; airway compromise; nausea or vomiting
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The four avenues for poison to get into the patient's body
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Inhalation; absorption; indigestion; injection
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What two substances ignite when coming to contact with water
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Phosphorus; elemental sodium
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What percentage of poisonings are by mouth
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80%
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Where the fatality numbers associated with alcohol
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200,000 people die each year. 40% of all traffic fatalities or injuries. 67% of all murders. At 33% of all suicides.
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Acronym for central nervous system
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CNS
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Why should internal bleeding be considered a patient who seems to be in shock Due to alcohol consumption?
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Blood might not clot effectively in a patient who has prolonged history of alcohol abuse
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What are some of the symptoms of delirium tremens
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Agitation and restlessness; fever; sweating; confusion and/or disorientation; delusions and/or hallucinations; seizures
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What are opioids made from
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Opium and poppy seeds
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What are some common opioids
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Codeine; morphine; and heroine. Methadone
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Worsen trade names for opioids that can be prescribed
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Demerol; Percocet; OxyContin; Vicodin
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What is the effective antidote to reverse the symptoms and signs of opioid overdose
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naloxone (Narcan)
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What are some common sedative-hypnotic drugs
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Phenobarbital; diazepam; cyclobenzaprine; ethyl alcohol; isopropyl alcohol; Xanax; Valium; Rohypnol
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What is the antidote for acute benzodiazepine overdose
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flumazenil; given intravenously
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What are some common abused inhalants
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Acetone; gasoline halogenated hydrocarbons.
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What are some well known sympathomimetics
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Amphetamine; methamphetamine; caffeine by: ecstasy; Eve; cocaine
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Order some reasons to take sympathomimetic's
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Improve task performance; suppress appetite; prevent sleepiness; and just a feel-good.
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What the temperature at which crack melts
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93°F
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One of the actual name for the marijuana plant
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Cannabis sativa
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What are some common hallucinogens
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Lysergic acid diethalamide (LSD); PCP; Angel dust
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What is the classic picture of a person who is taking too much of an anticholinergic medication
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Hot as a hare, blind as a bat, dry as a bone, red as a beat, and mad as a hatter
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How do anti-cholinergic agents work
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They block the parasympathetic nerves.
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What are some common anticholinergics
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Atropine; Benadryl; Jim some weed
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What is the other type of drug that may be hard to distinguish from an anti-cholinergic overdose
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Sympathomimetic overdose
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What can an anticholinergic poisoning be treated with
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physostigmine intravenously
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What are cholinergic usually known as
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Nerve gases
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Mnemonic DUMBELS
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Defecation; urination; Miosis; Broncherra; emesis; lacrimation; salvation
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Mnemonic SLUDGE
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Salvation; lacrimation; urination; defecation; G.I. irritation; EYE construction/emesis
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Aspirin poisoning symptoms
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Nausea, vomiting, hyperventilation, and ringing ears. Patients may feel anxious, confused, tachypneic hyperthermia, and in danger of having seizures
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What is the good news about acetaminophen regarding overdose
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Acetaminophen is not generally very toxic. A healthy patient could ingest hundred 140 mg of acetaminophen for every kilogram of body weight without serious adverse effects
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What is the bad news about acetaminophen regarding overdose
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Symptoms of an overdose generally do not appear until it is too late
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Where is methyl alcohol found
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In dry gas products and sterno
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Where is ethylene glycol found
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Anti-freeze
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What is the term coined in 1870, to indicate poisoning by a class of chemicals found in rotting food
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ptomaine poisoning
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What are the two main types of food poisoning
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The organism itself causes the disease; the organism produces toxins that cause the disease
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What are the characteristics of salmonella poisoning
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Severe gastrointestinal symptoms within 72 hours of ingestion, including non-Zia, vomiting, abdominal pain, and diarrhea. Possibly ill with fever and generalized weakness.
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Were some of the symptoms of a staphylococcus infection
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Gastrointestinal symptoms, including nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea.
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Describe botulism
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An often fatal disease usually results from eating improperly canned food. Symptoms of Bob chose him our neural logic: blurring of vision, weakness, difficulty in speaking and breathing.
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One of the bacteria that causes botulism
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Clostridium
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How long could it take for symptoms of botulism to present
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May develop as long as four days after ingestion, or as early as the first 24 hours
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What are some plants that can cause poisoning
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Mistletoe; Castor Bean; nightshade by: foxglove; Rhododendron by: poke weed; poison ivy; poison oak; poison sumac
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