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48 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Nucleus pulposus of IV disc: origin
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Notocord
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Craniopharyngioma
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Benign tumor of Ranke's pouch (adenohypophysis)
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Retina: origin
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Neuroectoderm
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Spinal cord: origin
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Neuroectoderm
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Pia and arachnoid: origin
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Neural crest
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Bones of skull: origin
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Neural crest
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Parafollicular cells of thyroid: origin
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Neural crest
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Chromaffin cells of adrenal medulla: origin
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Neural crest
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Melanocytes: origin
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Neural crest
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Origin of lungs, liver, pancreas, thymus, parathyroid, thyroid follicular cells
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Endoderm
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Origin of spleen
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Mesoderm (foregut mesentery)
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skin dermis: origin
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Mesoderm
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Mesodermal defects
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VACTERL
Vertebral defects Anal atresia Cardiac defeccts Tracheo-Esophageal fistula Renal defects Limb defects (bone and muscle) |
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Malformation vs. deformation
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Deformation = extrinsic interruption, after embryonic period
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Aplasia
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Absent organ
Primordial tissue present |
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Diethylstilbestrol (DES): effect on fetus
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Vaginal clear cell adenocarcinoma
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Lithium: effect on fetus
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Ebstein's anomaly (atrialized right ventricle)
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Maternal diabetes: effect on fetus
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Caudal regression syndrome (anal atresia to sirenomelia)
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Valproate: effects on fetus
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Inhib folate absorption --> neural tube defects
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Warfarin: effects on fetus
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Bone deformity
Fetal hemorrhage Abortion |
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Twinning during embryonic period:
chorion amniotic sac placenta |
Monochorionic
Diamniotic Placenta |
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What secretes hCG in placenta?
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Syncytiotrophoblast
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Function of hCG during first trimester
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Stimulates corpus luteum to secrete progesterone
(structurally similar to LH) |
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Umbilical arteries and veins derived from:
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Allantois
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Vitelline fistula
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Failure of yolk stalk/vitelline duct to close --> meconium discharge from umbilicus
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Fetal erythropoesis
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Young Liver Synthesizes Blood
Yolk sac (3-8 weeks) Liver (6-10 weeks) Spleen (9-28 weeks) Bone marrow (28 weeks onwards) |
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How does ductus arteriosus close?
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inc O2 --> dec PGs --> close ductus
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When should neuropores fuse?
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4th week
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What happens if neuropores fail to fuse?
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- inc a-fetoprotein (AFP) in amniotic fluid and maternal serum
- inc AFP + ACh-ase in CSF |
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In which neural tube defect is the dura intact?
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Spina bifida occulta
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In which neural tube defect to the meninges herniate?
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Meningocele
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In which neural tube defect do the meninges and spinal cord herniate through?
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Myelomeningocele
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Syringomyelia: most common at...
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C8-T1
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Syringomyelia: presents with...
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Bilateral loss of pain & temp in upper extremities (crossing fibers of spinothalamic tract)
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1st branchial cleft -->
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external auditory meatus
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2nd branchial cleft -->
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temporary cervical sinuses
Obliterated by proliferation of 2nd arch mesenchyme |
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Persistent cervical sinus -->
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branchial cleft cyst within lateral neck
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Treacher Collins syndrome
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1st arch fails to migrate --> mandibular hypoplasia, facial abnormalities
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Parafollicular cells of thyroid:
- Embryologic origin - Pouches |
- Neural crest
- 4th/5th pharyngeal pouches |
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Muscles of tongue are derived from...
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occipital myotomes
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Most common ectopic thyroid tissue site
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Tongue
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What congenital defect occurs:
- 1/600 live births - often in first born males |
Congenital pyloric stenosis
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Most common site of obstruction in fetus
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Uteropelvic junction with kidney
- last to canalize - hydronephrosis |
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incomplete fusion of paramesonephric duct
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Bicornuate uterus
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Bulbourethral glands (of Cowper) and Prostate gland: origin
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Urogenital sinus
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Greater vestibular glands (of Bartholin) and urethral and paraurethral glands (of Skene):origin
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Urogenital sinus
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Epispadias: faulty positioning of...
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Genital tubercle
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Hypospadias: failure of...
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Urethral folds to close
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