First Aid Embryology

Front 1

Which embryogenic gene is produced at the base of the limbs in the zone of polarizing activity and is involved in patterning along anterior-posterior axis?

Back 1

Sonic Hedgehog

Front 2

Which embryogenic gene is produced at the apical ectodermal ridge and is necessary for proper organization along dorsal-ventral axis?

Back 2

Wnt-7

Front 3

Which embryogenic gene is produced at the ectodermal ridge and stimulates mitosis of underlying mesoderm, providing for lengthening of limbs?

Back 3

FGF

Front 4

Which embryogenic genes are involved in the organization of the embryo in a craniocaudal direction, a mutation leading to misplaced appendages?

Back 4

Homeobox (Hox) genes

Front 5

How long after fertilization does implantation occur?

Back 5

~6 days

Front 6

What time period of development is considered the embryonic period?

Back 6

weeks 3-8

Front 7

When is a fetal heartbeat detected?

Back 7

week 4

Front 8

When does neural tube development occur?

Back 8

week 3-4

Front 9

At what point in development do genitalia take on male/female characteristics?

Back 9

week 10

Front 10

What adult structure is formed by the notochord?

Back 10

nucleus pulposus

Front 11

At what point in development do the limb buds and heart chambers form?

Back 11

week 4

Front 12

What are the embryologic derivatives of the neural crest?

Back 12

ANS, dorsal root ganglia, cranial nerves, celiac ganglion, melanocytes, chromaffin cells, C cells of thyroid, schwann cells, pia and arachnoid, skull bones, odontoblasts, aorticopulmonary septum

Front 13

Which med, if taken during pregnancy, has been shown to cause vaginal clear cell adenocarcinoma?

Back 13

Diethylstilbestrol (DES)

Front 14

Which drug, if taken during pregnancy, has been shown to cause Ebstein's anomaly?

Back 14

Lithium

Front 15

Which drugs, if taken during pregnancy, are shown to cause fetal hydantoin syndrome?

Back 15

Anti-epileptics (phenytoin, carbamazepine)

Front 16

Which embryonic structure gives rise to the ascending aorta and pulmonary trunk?

Back 16

Truncus arteriosus

Front 17

Which embryonic structure gives rise to the right ventricle and smooth parts of the left and right ventricle?

Back 17

Bulbus cordis

Front 18

Which embryonic structure gives rise to trabeculated left and right ventricles?

Back 18

Primitive ventricle

Front 19

Which embryonic structure gives rise to the trabeculated left and right atrium?

Back 19

Primitive atria

Front 20

Which embryonic structure gives rise to the coronary sinus?

Back 20

left horn of the sinus venosus

Front 21

Which embryonic structure gives rise to the smooth part of the right atrium?

Back 21

right horn of the sinus venosus

Front 22

Which embryonic structure gives rise to the SVC?

Back 22

right common cardinal vein and right anterior cardinal vein

Front 23

What med is given to close a PDA?

Back 23

Indomethacin

Front 24

What are the three primary vesicles of the developing brain?

Back 24

Forebrain (prosencephalon)

Midbrain (mesencephalon)

Hindbrain (rhombencephalon)

Front 25

What are the five secondary vesicles of the developing brain and what structures do they give rise to?

Back 25

Telencephalon --> cerebrum

Diencephalon --> Thalamus

Mesencephalon --> Midbrain

Metencephalon --> Pons and Cerebellum

Myencephalon --> Medulla

Front 26

What lab value is indicative of neural tube defects?

Back 26

elevated AFP in maternal serum and amniotic fluid

Front 27

Which branchial cleft develops into the external auditory meatus?

Back 27

1st

Front 28

Which branchial arches form the posterior 1/3 of the tongue?

Back 28

3 and 4

Front 29

Abnormality in which branchial arch would lead to congenital pharyngocutaneous fistula?

Back 29

3

Front 30

What is the pathogenesis of Treacher-Collins syndrome?

Back 30

1st branchial arch neural crest fails to migrate --> mandibular hypoplasia and facial abnormalities

Front 31

The muscles of mastication are derived from which branchial arch?

Back 31

1

Front 32

The muscles of facial expression are derived from which branchial arch?

Back 32

2

Front 33

The Stylopharyngeus muscle is derived from which branchial arch?

Back 33

3

Front 34

The cricothyroid and levator palatini muscles are derived from which branchial arch?

Back 34

4

Front 35

Which muscles are derived from the 6th branchial arch?

Back 35

all muscles of larynx except cricothyroid

Front 36

Which nerves are derived from the 1st branchial arch?

Back 36

CNV2 CNV3

Front 37

Which nerves are derived from the 2nd branchial arch?

Back 37

CNVII

Front 38

Which nerves are derived from the 3rd branchial arch?

Back 38

CNIX

Front 39

Which nerves are derived from the 4th and 6th branchial arches?

Back 39

CNX

Front 40

____ branchial pouch develops into the middle ear cavity, eustachian tube and mastoid air cells

Back 40

1st

Front 41

____ branchial pouch develops into the epithelial lining of the palatine tonsil

Back 41

2nd

Front 42

____ branchial pouch develops into the inferior parathyroids

Back 42

3rd

Front 43

____ branchial pouch develops into the thymus

Back 43

3rd

Front 44

____ branchial pouch develops into the superior parathyroids

Back 44

4th

Front 45

What is the pathogenesis of DiGeorge syndrome?

Back 45

Aberrant development of the 3rd and 4th branchial pouches --> parathyroid and thymic aplasia

Front 46

What physical exam finding is a/w congenital pyloric stenosis?

Back 46

palpable olive mass in epigastric region

Front 47

What is Potter's syndrome?

Back 47

bilateral renal agenesis --> oligohydramnios --> limb deformities, facial deformities, pulmonary hyperplasia

Front 48

What renal abnormality is a/w turner's syndrome?

Back 48

horseshoe kidney