Elsener Chapter 7

Front 1

Prior to the Industrial Revolution most people lived and worked in _________.

Back 1

small farming villages

Front 2

Rapid Industrial growth that began in England in the mid 1700s

Back 2

Industrial Revolution

Front 3

The Industrial Revolution began in _______. (location)

Back 3

Great Britain

Front 4

The Industrial Revolution began during the middle of the ________.

Back 4

18th Century/1700s

Front 5

The Industrial Revolution brought on a rapid concentration of ________.

Back 5

people in cities

Front 6

Changed the nature of work for many people

Back 6

Industrial Revolution

Front 7

Rise of urban industrial economies during 1700s & 1800s

Back 7

Industrial Revolution

Front 8

Public lands where farmers gathered wood grazed livestock, and raised crops

Back 8

Village commons

Front 9

Practice of fencing off land formerly open to common grazing and cultivation

Back 9

Enclosure

Front 10

Ended small farmers use of public lands

Back 10

Enclosure movement

Front 11

The enclosure movement displaced farmers who became a ________.

Back 11

labor supply

Front 12

New tools & techniques result in greater crop & livestock production

Back 12

Agricultural Revolution

Front 13

The agricultural revolution helped Great Britain lead the ___________.

Back 13

Industrial Revolution

Front 14

The enclosure movement both displaced farmers and increased _______.

Back 14

agricultural production

Front 15

Improved agricultural techniques (agricultural revolution) increased the ____.

Back 15

food supply

Front 16

An increased food supply increased the ______.

Back 16

population

Front 17

Population growth & the enclosure movement resulted in a larger __________.

Back 17

labor supply

Front 18

The industrial revolution was also triggered by new technologies and new sources of ______.

Back 18

energy & materials

Front 19

One vital source of energy in the Industrial Revolution was coal which was used to power the _________.

Back 19

steam engine

Front 20

Inventor of the first practical steam engine.

Back 20

James Watt

Front 21

Enabled factories to run without the need of water power.

Back 21

Steam Engine

Front 22

Coal was a vital source of fuel in the production of __________

Back 22

Iron

Front 23

His technique of smelting iron (separating iron from its ore) led to less expensive & better quality iron.

Back 23

Adam Darby

Front 24

Capital, natural resources, & labor supply were key elements in Britain’s _______.

Back 24

industrial success

Front 25

Money to invest in labor, machines, & raw materials

Back 25

capital

Front 26

Large scale farming, overseas commerce, & the slave trade helped the British produce ____.

Back 26

capital

Front 27

Industry provided the aristocracy and the middle class a chance to _______.

Back 27

invest

Front 28

Water power, Iron & coal were British _____.

Back 28

raw materials

Front 29

A growing population in Great Britain (and later elsewhere) also increase the _________ for goods.

Back 29

demand

Front 30

System where raw cotton was given to peasant families and made into cloth in their homes.

Back 30

putting-out system

Front 31

Risk-taking people who set up industries by bringing together capital, labor, & new industrial inventions.

Back 31

Entrepreneurs

Front 32

First industry to be industrialized

Back 32

Textile

Front 33

Fabric industry

Back 33

Textile

Front 34

Enabled cotton weavers to outpace cotton spinners.

Back 34

flying shuttle

Front 35

Enabled cotton spinners to produce enough thread to keep up with the weavers.

Back 35

spinning jenny

Front 36

The flying shuttle and the spinning jenny made it difficult for America to produce enough ____.

Back 36

cotton

Front 37

The bottle neck in the production of cotton.

Back 37

cleaning out the seeds

Front 38

Developed the Cotton Gin

Back 38

Eli Whitney

Front 39

Cleaned the seeds out of cotton.

Back 39

Cotton Gin

Front 40

The mechanization of the textile industry came about through a series of _______.

Back 40

inventions

Front 41

Organized method of production; brought workers and machines together under control of managers.

Back 41

factory system

Front 42

Individuals own the means of production

Back 42

capitalism

Front 43

Factories, farms, and mines, railways & other businesses.

Back 43

Means of Production

Front 44

Individuals decide what is produced and how money is spent. (free enterprise)

Back 44

Capitalism

Front 45

If supply goes up prices go ____.

Back 45

down

Front 46

If demand goes up prices go ____.

Back 46

up

Front 47

Continually expanding factories or investing in new businesses.

Back 47

Industrial Capitalism

Front 48

As production increased people needed a way to get raw materials to the factories, and finished products to the markets faster, this resulted in a ________.

Back 48

transportation revolution

Front 49

Turnpikes, canals, the steam locomotive, & the railroads were all part of the _______.

Back 49

transportation revolution

Front 50

As the Industrial Revolution progressed one change led to _______.

Back 50

another

Front 51

The mass movement of people from the countryside to the cities as a result of the Industrial Revolution.

Back 51

Urbanization

Front 52

Grew up around both mines and factories.

Back 52

cities

Front 53

The new middle class created by the Industrial revolution was made up of ________.

Back 53

entrepreneurs

Front 54

As urbanization took place THEY lived in nice neighborhoods.

Back 54

middle and upper class

Front 55

As a result of urbanization most of the poor lived in ________.

Back 55

tenements

Front 56

Multistory buildings divided into apartments.

Back 56

tenements

Front 57

Often had no running water and no sewage or sanitation system.

Back 57

tenements

Front 58

The lack of a sewage system often resulted in contaminated drinking water and the _______.

Back 58

spread of diseases

Front 59

Factory work was often monotonous and _____.

Back 59

dangerous

Front 60

Shifts in the factories often lasted ________.

Back 60

12 to 16 hours 6 or 7 days a week

Front 61

Children often started working in the factories at the ages of _______.

Back 61

7 or 8

Front 62

Workers organizations which eventually won the right to ask for better wages, hours and working conditions.

Back 62

labor unions

Front 63

They believed that a free market would help everyone not just the rich.

Back 63

Business leaders/entrepreneurs

Front 64

A completely free market economy with no government interference.

Back 64

laissez-faire

Front 65

Owners of railroads, factories & mines advocated ___________ economies.

Back 65

laissez-faire

Front 66

He believed the poor would always suffer because the population would always grow faster than the food supply.

Back 66

Thomas Malthus

Front 67

Malthus did not want the government to help the poor because he believed if it did they would continue to _________.

Back 67

have more children

Front 68

Developed the concept of utilitarianism.

Back 68

Jeremy Bentham

Front 69

Every action should be judged by its contribution to human happiness or the reduction of human misery.

Back 69

Utilitarianism

Front 70

Measuring an action by its usefulness.

Back 70

Utilitarianism

Front 71

He rejected laissez-faire economies on grounds of utilitarianism.

Back 71

John Stuart Mill

Front 72

Argued for legislation against monopolies & for the protection of individual liberties

Back 72

John Stuart Mill

Front 73

Community ownership of the means of production.

Back 73

Socialism

Front 74

No competition, share the wealth.

Back 74

Socialism

Front 75

Wanted to create small separate socialist communities.

Back 75

Utopian Socialists

Front 76

Attempted to create socialist communities in Scotland & New Harmony, Indiana.

Back 76

Robert Owen

Front 77

Scientific Socialism

Back 77

Communism

Front 78

Marxism

Back 78

Communism

Front 79

Intellectual founder of Communism.

Back 79

Karl Marx

Front 80

Marx's partner and co-author of the Communist Manifesto.

Back 80

Friedrich Engel's

Front 81

Marxism along with other socialist ideologies grew out of a reaction to the harsh conditions imposed on workers by the _____.

Back 81

Industrial Revolution

Front 82

According to Marx all of history is characterized by _____.

Back 82

class struggle

Front 83

Communism is a form of _____.

Back 83

socialism

Front 84

Capitalists using workers' labor for their own advantage.

Back 84

exploitation

Front 85

Owners of the means of production. (factories)

Back 85

capitalists or bourgeoisie

Front 86

Exploited factory workers. (name for)

Back 86

proletariat

Front 87

Class struggle will lead to a workers' revolt. (Marx)

Back 87

Theory of History

Front 88

After the workers revolt the government will wither away and there will be a _______. (Marx)

Back 88

Classless Society

Front 89

Pamphlet in which Marx calls for a workers' revolt.

Back 89

Communist Manifesto

Front 90

Both predicted and advocated a workers revolt.

Back 90

Karl Marx

Front 91

Marx believed it was the opiate of the masses.

Back 91

Religion