Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
44 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Intracellular fluid |
2/3 of fluid is here (about 25 liters) inside the cells |
|
|
extracellular fluid |
interstitial space (10-12 liters) in between cells plasma volume (3.5-6 liters) |
|
|
transcellular |
any fluid made by epithelial tissue. Ex: saliva, gastric fluid, synovial fluid, etc... |
|
|
mEq |
unit used for concentration of electrolytes |
|
|
cations |
positive electrolytes. Ex: Na, K, Ca, and Mg |
|
|
anions |
negative electrolytes. Ex: Cl, HCO3, PO4 |
|
|
Diffusion |
passive movement of electrolytes or other PARTICLES going from areas of higher concentration to lesser concentration |
|
|
Osmosis |
Water moving TO areas of higher concentration |
|
|
Saline |
salt and water |
|
|
NS |
normal saline (0.9% saline) |
|
|
insensible |
unaware |
|
|
Filtration |
movement across a membrane, under pressure, from higher to lower pressure |
|
|
active transport |
movement of ions against osmotic pressure TO an area of higher pressure. Requires ATP. Ex: sodium-potassium pump |
|
|
fluid distribution |
movement of fluid among its various compartments |
|
|
fluid intake includes... |
foods, drinks, I.V. fluids |
|
|
fluid output (normally) |
skin, lungs, GI tract, and kidneys |
|
|
fluid output (abnormally) |
vomiting, wound drainage, and hemorrhaging |
|
|
isotonic solutions |
no change to cells Ex: NS, D5W, and LR (lactated ringers) |
|
|
hypotonic solutions |
cell, or tissue, swells (mostly for burn victims) 1/2 or 1/4 strength saline |
|
|
hypertonic solutions |
cell, or tissue, shrinks (mostly head injuries) 3% saline |
|
|
albumin |
major plasma protein |
|
|
what can cause low albumin levels? |
liver or kidney failure |
|
|
furosomide |
lasix, diuretic |
|
|
diaphoretic |
sweaty (clammy) |
|
|
carbonic acid (H2CO3) |
comes from CO2 |
|
|
metabolic acid |
lactic and citric acid |
|
|
hypovolemia |
low blood volume, often used when discussing ECV deficit |
|
|
serum |
has no cells, it's the water part of blood |
|
|
lungs excrete which acid? |
carbonic acid, or (H2CO3) |
|
|
all other acids are excreted by __________ |
kidneys |
|
|
acid production and excretion should be _____ |
equal |
|
|
buffers |
any chemical that tries to regulate pH |
|
|
name 4 buffers |
main one is bicarbonate, also hemoglobin, protein, and phosphate |
|
|
bases _________ hydrogen |
take an extra |
|
|
acids __________ hydrogen |
need to get rid of |
|
|
blood pH level |
7.35-7.45 |
|
|
ATP |
adenosin triphosphate, your body's energy |
|
|
bicarbonate levels |
arterial: 22-26 venous: 24-30 |
|
|
Na |
sodium |
|
|
hypernatremia |
high sodium in blood |
|
|
hyponatremia |
low sodium in blood |
|
|
avg. Na levels |
135-145 |
|
|
K |
potassium |
|
|
avg. K levels |
3.5-5 |
