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41 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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acadamy
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classical secondary school in colonial america that emphasized elements of latin and english grammar schools. By the nineteenth century, they were more like college prep schools; ancient greek school founded by Plato
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common school
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a public, tax supported school, similiar to current day public schools. The goal was to create a basis of knowledge for all children
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dame school
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primary school during colonial/early periods in which the students were taught by untrained women, ion the woman's home.
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de jure segregation
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the segregation of racial or other groups on the basis of law, policy, or a practice designess to accomplish such segregation.
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de facto segregation
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the segregation of race or other groups resulting from circumstances, such as housing patterns, rather than from official policy or law.
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latin grammar school
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classical secondary school with a latin and greek curriculum preparing students for college.
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mcguffey reader
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for almost 100 years this reading series promoted moral and patriotic messages and set the practice of reading levels leading toward graded elementary schools.
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new england primer
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one of the first textbooks in colonial america teaching reading and moral messages.
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hornbook
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a single sheet of parchment containing the lord's prayer and the letters of the alphabet. It was protected by a thin sheath from flattened horn of a cow and fastened to a wooden board - hence the name. Used tduring colonial era in primary schools.
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normal school
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a two year teacher education institution popular in the 19th century, many of which were expanded to become todays state colleges and universities.
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progressive education
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an educational philosophy emphasizing democracy, student needs, practical activities, and school-community relationships.
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english classical school
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the first free public high school. (boston 1821) Initially enrolled only boys.
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misfeasance
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failure to act in a proper manner to prevent harm
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nonfeasance
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failure to exercise appropriate responsibility that results in someone's being harmed.
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malfeasance
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deliberately acting improperly and causing harm to someone.
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educational malpractice
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a new experiment line of litigation similiar to the concpt of medical malpractice. Concerned with liability for students who graduate from school without fundamental skills.
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hidden government
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the unofficial power structure within a small school. it cannot be identified by the official title, positin, or functions of idividuals. (secretary vs. custodian)
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accountability
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holding schools and teachers responsible for a student's performance
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academic freedom
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the opportunity for teachers and students to learn, teach, study, research, and question without censorship, coercion, or external political and other restrictive influences.
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teacher bill of rights
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various rights conferred upon teachers
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corporal punishment
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disciplining students through physical punishment by a school employee. Educational equity: educational policy and practice that are just, fair and free from bias and discrimination.
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adequate education
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provides a legal approach for ensuring education opportunities for poorer students based on state constitution garuntees for an efficient, thoorough, or uniform educaion.
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zero tolerance
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such rigorous rules offer schools little or no flexibility in responding to student infractions related to drugs, alcohol, tobacco, violance, and weapons. These policies have been developed both by local school districts and state legislature. In most cases students who violate such policies must be expelled.
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property tax
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local real estate taxes (also cars and personal property) historically used to fund local schools
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old deluder satan law
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mass. law of 1647, every town of 50 househlds must appoint and pay a teacher of reading and writing. every town of 100 households must provide a latin grammar school to prepare youths for the university, under penalty of 5 pounds for failure to do so.
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family rights and privacy act
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(buckley amendment) allows parents to access their children's education records. Requires that school districts inform parents of thus right and establish a procedure for providing educational records on request. Written parental permission is needed for anyone other than the parents to view the files. At age 18 the student has the right ot view their own file and are responsible for permission to others to view the file. (tested recently:grading peers papers in class)
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title IX of he education amendments
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a provision of the 1972 educational amendments that prohibits sex discrimination in any educaional program recieving federal financial assistance.
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title VIII of the civil rights act
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a federal law that prohibits employment discrimination based on race, sex, religion, or nationality
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brown vs. board of education of topeka
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us supreme court ruling that reversed an earlier "seperate but equal" ruling and dwclared that segregated schooling was inherintly unequal and therefore unlawful.
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copyright act
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a federal law that protects intellectual property including copyrighted material. Teachers can use such mmaterial in classrooms only with permission or specific guidelines.
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fair use
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legal principle allowing limited use of copyrighted materials. Teachers must observe three criteria: breviety, spotaneity, and curriculative effect.
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ben franklin
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1749 he penned a proposal relating to a new kind of secondaryschool (the acadamy). two years later the Franklin acadamy was established - free from religious influence. Students were allowed to choose some of their classes (like common day high school electives)
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thomas jefferson
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believed education should be seperated to more white males. (not just the wealthy) founder of the university of virginia
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horace mann
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leading advocate for a "common school) AKA public school. He was known as "the father of the public school" he helped create the mass. board of education and became its secretary (much like a superintendant of schools) Mann believed education was beneficial both idealistically and practically. Believed common school could reduce social disharmoney. His moral program proved the opposite - igniting dispute over the role of religion in school.
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Henry Barnard
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ally of Horace Mann; fought for the acceptance of PES. 1st commisioner of education and a supporter of seperate levels (elementary/secondary) HE also encouraged teachers to write down what they teach in journals so their knowledge could be passed on
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catherine beecher
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worked in a seminary chool and helped reshape teaching; fought for woman education; wrote textbooks on how to teach more humanely; denounced corperal punishment, promoted more cooperative educational practices. (eventually females became teachers and were preffered over men because they were paid 1/3 of a man's salary and their teaching effectiveness
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prudance crandall
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raised by quakers; promoted education among all races. founded her own school and accepted a black girl.
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john dewey
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founded progressivism, worked to democratize schools and fought for woman's sufferage, and the right for teacher unins.
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paulo Friere
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believed students should be able the center of the classroom. Created a pedagogy explaining how students should ask questions, focus on social problems, etc. Teachers should "live part of their dreams within their educational space" his efforts moved literacy from an educational tool to a political instrument. Felt schools were run by social darwinism.
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plato
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founded the acadamy (first university) in athens. believed the soul had 3 parts: intellect, spirit, and appatite.
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socrates
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asked questions to people in athens. had people thinking, looking for answers within themselves. (love, death, etc.)
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