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31 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Mechanistic |
born as blank slates neither good or bad knowledge gained through experience (nurture) humans as machine humans are passive/reactive reductionist model (little adults) learning is inductive, piece together copies of the world John Locke |
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Organismic |
born with talents and traits want to reach their highest potental like an acorn turning into a tree travel through stages making qualitative shifts humans are active learning is deductive, everything passes through a filter J.J. Rousseau |
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cognitive development agreements |
development is orderly development happens at different rates development contains spurts and plateaus |
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Piaget's theory |
children are motivated and active learners construct understanding of the world thinking is organized with schemes uses adaptation contains 4 stages of development
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sensorimotor |
0-2 year olds explore world through sensory and motor contact object permanence causal cause and affect relationships separation anxiety |
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preoperation |
2-7 year olds uses symbols to represent objects no logical thinking pretend can't take others' perspectives
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concrete operations |
think logically but limited to concrete events reversibility conservation |
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formal operations |
12+ logical reasoning think abstract an hypothetically
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Vygotsky's theory |
knowledge is constructed through inter and intra psychological relationships zone of proximal development (scafolding |
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ZPD |
the difference between what a learner can do without help and what they can do with help 1. assistance by others 2. assistance by self 3. internalization/automatization 4. de-automatization |
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Brofenbrenner's theory |
the social context of development microsystem mesosystem exosystem macrosystem chronosystem |
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authoritative parenting |
child-centered high expectations relationship is reciprocated high bidirectional communication rules more general
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authoritarian parenting |
parent-center high expectations power-assertive high unidirectional communication rules stand strong
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permissive parenting |
low expectations child-centered relationship is indulgent no control |
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rejecting/neglecting parenting |
uninvolved low expectations |
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popular |
either prosocial kids or anti-social kids |
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rejected |
agressive or withdrawn |
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controversial |
both positive and negative |
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neglected |
well-adjusted but less socially competent |
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erikson's stages |
truth v. mistrust autonomy v. shame and doubt initiative v. guilt industry v. inferiority identity v. role confusion intimacy v. isolation generativity v. stagnation integrity v. despair |
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marcia's types of identity status |
achieved: secure sense of self foreclosed: identity conformity diffused: no commitment moratorium: identity exploration |
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perspective taking |
undifferentiated (3-6) social informational (5-9) self reflective (7-12) third party (10-15) societal (14+) |
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kohlberg's level of moral reasoning |
1. pre-conventional morality 2. conventional morality: conform to external forces 3. post-conventional morality: autonomous decision based in higher moral principles |
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behavioral motivation theory |
people passive and mechanistic |
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humanistic motivation theory |
organismic, motivated to reach highest potential |
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cognitive motivation theory |
how you explain your successes or failures |
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social cognition motivation theory |
motivation comes from watching others succeed or failure |
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socio-cultural motivational theory |
how relationships affect motivation |
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need states in Maslow's theory |
biological physical and psychological social esteem fulfillment
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types of goal orientation |
mastery performance social work-avoidance |
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self- efficacy |
belief in your ability to deal with a tack |
