Editing Packet

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Editing

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The selecting and sequencing of images to present a story or information most effectively

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Assemble editing

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Most basic form of editing uses 2 VTRs, one as a player or source and the other as a recorder or editor. The selected portion of all audio and video and control track is rerecorded from one VTR to another every time an edit is made.

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Control track

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The magnetic pulses that serve as an editing reference. Or a videotape track containing voltage pulses that accompany the audio and video information. The edit system reads the pulses and converts them the a numerical readout hours, minutes, seconds and frames. Must reset numbers with every new tape

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Insert editing

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Many technical and aesthetic advantages. A master tape must first be prepared by adding a continuous control track. You can add video only or audio track 1 or 2 only or any combination of audio and video that meets a creative need. The control track is untouched during the rerecording process and serves as continuous reference.

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SMPTE time code

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Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers.

Assigns a number to each frame representing hours, minutes, seconds and frames elapsed from the start of the tape. Easier to edit than w/ control track.

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Shot

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an uninterrupted continuous roll of the tape that has an obvious beginning, middle and end. Has purpose, may establish location or object, provide transition, etc

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Take

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One of the several versions of the same shot. You select the one that looks and sounds best

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Cutaway

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A shot used to cover possible jump cuts or add visual reinforcement to what an interview subject, performer or host is talking about.

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Reverse angle

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Type of cutaway, a reverse angle shot is used when speed is important in news editing. Over-shoulder of interviewer reacting, nodding, asking questions again...

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Cut

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A cut occurs when the last frame of a shot is followed immediately by the first frame of a new shot. Most basic single event in editing, and most editing is accomplished with cuts.

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Fade.

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A gradual transition between an image and black. Fading in a video at a predetermined time and speed and fading from video to black are effects normally used to begin and end a show. Usually added during editing with a switcher.

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Dissolve

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Using a combination of fading to and from black, a dissolve is a switch transition in which one shot seems to dissolve into the next. Just as the picture from one source VTR is fading out, the picture from the second source VTR is fading up.

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crossfade

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Similar to a dissolve but with audio

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Pleasantville effect

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Greyscale all but one object (for example, red lips)

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Wipe

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In a wipe one picture appears to push the previous one off the screen. A wipe is also a switcher transition.

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Key

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Created with s switcher or the internal luminance key in a character generator, a key is, the replacing of part of an existing picture with a portion of a different video. In editing, titles and credits are normally added by keying

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Montage

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Originally a film term, it describes a series of related shots edited together for a single purpose. Might be used in an opening to clearly set the scene.

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Edit event

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Any single edit, measured from the entry point to the exit point, including any transitions during the edit.

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Edit Decision List (EDL)

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A complete detailed list showing the order of shots to be used, the types of edits to be performed, and the start and end times for each shot, plus approximate length and the roll which each shot is located. This list is handwritten from the notations made on the log sheets or from the time-code numbers on your source tape.

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Logging

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The process of viewing a videotape and writing down on a paper a detailed description of each shot, camera movement and scene prior to editing.

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Address

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This is the location of a shot on the tape. The SMPTE time code is used to address each frame with a distinctive number designating hours. minutes, seconds, and frames.

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Search

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Sometimes called jogging or fast-scanning, searching is looking at the video or audio material in forward or reverse, but at a faster than normal speed. The idea of searching is to locate material and its entry and exit points rapidly.

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Entry and Exit Points

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These are the first and last frames of a single edit event, often known as mark-in and mark-out points. The entry, or in point, is simply the frame at which the editor VTR begins recording material from the source VTR. The exit, or out point, is the last frame that the editor VTR records material from the source VTR during the event.

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Preview

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Once you have chosen the entry and exit points you can use an editing function called preview to try it out onto the master tape.

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Jump

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An editing function that allows an editor to preview the beginning and end of an event while skipping the middle.

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Review

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After the actual edit ha been made an editing function called review can automatically back up the editor and play back just the completed edit.

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Jump Cut

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Occurs when one shot is immediately followed by a nearly identical one featuring the same subject. The slight difference between the 2 shots is jarring to the viewer.

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Flash Frame

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Occurs when one or both of the VTRs slip a frame or two, leaving a frame of black between the last frame of the previous edit and the first frame of the next one.