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66 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Name three different types of wave |
light sound waves on water seismic waves |
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What property of a wave does the wavelengthdescribe? |
the distance from one wave to the same place onthe next wave |
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units for wavelength |
metres |
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What property of a wave does the frequencydescribe? |
the number of waves per second |
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units for frequency |
Hertz |
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What is transferred by a wave? |
energy & information |
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What does amplitude mean? |
the height of a wave themaximum displacement of a particle from its rest position |
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direction do the particles in a sound wave movecompared to the direction the wave is travelling |
Parallel - backwards and forwards in the same direction asthe wave |
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What word is used to describe waves like soundwaves? |
longitudinal |
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What word is used to describe waves like thewaves on water? |
transverse |
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Name a type of transverse wave |
waves on water, some seismic waves, light waves |
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Name a type of longitudinal wave |
sound, some seismic waves |
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What is the difference between longitudinal andtransverse waves? |
the direction the particles move compared to thedirection the wave is travelling |
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What word describes the number of waves persecond? |
frequency |
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What word describes the time taken for one waveto pass? |
period |
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What word describes the distance between a pointon one wave and the same point on the next wave? |
wavelength |
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Nameone thing that waves do not transfer. |
matter |
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What is the difference between speed andvelocity? |
velocity has a direction as well as a magnitude |
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What is the equation that links speed, distance and time? |
speed = distance/time |
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What is the equationthat links wave speed, frequency and wavelength? |
wave speed = frequency × wavelength |
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What two things do you need to measure to findthe speed of a wave? |
either the time to cover a certain distance OR the wavelength and the frequency |
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Describe the path of light when you watch TV |
TV to eye |
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Describe the path of light when you situnderneath a lamp and read a book |
lamp to book to eye |
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What is the word that describes light bouncingoff a material? |
reflection |
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What does refraction mean? |
changing the direction of a wave |
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When does refraction happen to light waves? |
when light goes into or out of a material |
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Name three materials that light can travelthrough |
any three transparent materials, such as air,glass, water, Perspex |
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Why is it difficult to see the exact positionsof objects on the bottom of a swimming pool? |
light is refracted as it leaves the water |
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What is an interface? |
boundary between two materials |
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What is a normal line? |
a line at right angles to a surface/ interface/ boundary |
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Describe the path of a light ray in air. |
straight line |
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What happens to light when it goes from air to glass? |
refracts/changes direction HIGHER changes speed |
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When light goes from air to glass, which way does it bend? |
towards the normal |
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When light goes from water to air, which way does it bend? |
away from the normal |
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What does transmit mean? |
when a wave passes through something |
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What does reflect mean? |
when a wave bounces off something |
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HIGHER In which material does lighttravel faster, water or air? |
air |
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HIGHER What happens to the speed ofwaves as they go into shallower water? |
slow down |
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What is the word used to describe a wave bouncing off a barrier? |
reflection |
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What is the word to describe a wave changing direction as it crossesa boundary? |
refraction |
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SEPARATE What is absorption? |
when a wave disappears as it reaches a boundary |
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SEPARATE What is transmission? |
when a wave passes through a material |
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SEPARATE Name a substance that is good at transmitting light. |
air/glass |
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SEPARATE Name a substance that is good at absorbing light. |
anything black/dark coloured |
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SEPARATE How can a prism split up white light into different colours? |
Different colours are refracted by different amounts |
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SEPARATE What happens to the wavelength of light when it goes from airto glass? |
It gets shorter |
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SEPARATE Name three parts of the ear |
ear canal, eardrum, bones, cochlea, auditory nerve |
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SEPARATE How does a sound wave pass from air into a solid? |
The wave causes pressure changes at the surface of the solid. |
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SEPARATE What is the first part of the ear that sound waves gothrough? |
ear canal |
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SEPARATE What does the eardrum do? |
It vibrates when sound waves reach it/passes on vibrations. |
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SEPARATE What do the ear bones do? |
They amplify vibrations and transmit them. |
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SEPARATE Which part of the ear converts vibrations to nerveimpulses? |
cochlea |
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SEPARATE State two things found within the cochlea. |
fluid, membrane, hair cells |
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SEPARATE Why do different parts of the cochlea membrane detectdifferent frequencies? |
thickness of the membrane varies |
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SEPARATE What is the highest frequency that most people can hear? |
20 000 Hz |
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SEPARATE What is the name for sound that is too high for humans tohear? |
ultrasound |
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SEPARATE What is ultrasound? |
sound too high for humans to hear area |
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SEPARATE What is the lowest frequency sound that can be calledultrasound? |
20 000 Hz |
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SEPARATE How do bats use ultrasound? |
detect insects using ultrasound echoes/navigation |
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SEPARATE What is sonar? |
a way of measuring distance underwater using ultrasound |
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SEPARATE Why is light not used to find the depth of water? |
Water absorbs the light |
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SEPARATE What measurement does sonar equipment need to be able to workout the depth? |
time between sending pulse and receiving echo |
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SEPARATE What is the formula used to work out the depth from thetiming of a sonar pulse? |
distance = (speed X time)/2 |
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SEPARATE What is an ultrasound scan? |
image of the inside of the body made using ultrasound |
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SEPARATE Why can ultrasound be used to make images of the inside ofthe body? |
Some ultrasound is reflected each time it goes into a different material |
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SEPARATE What is the name for sounds that are too low for humans tohear? |
infrasound |
