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25 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is another name for the heart? |
The cardiac muscle |
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What are the main functions of the circulatory system? |
1) Transporting substances around the body (e.g. blood, oxygen, glucose) 2) Removing waste products (carbon dioxide) 3) Controlling body temperature 4) Protecting the body, the blood contains antibodies that fights infection and stop bleeding |
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Define pulse and and where can it be taken? |
- This is how you measure how fast your heart is beating - This can be done at the wrist or neck |
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What are the 3 way of measuring the heart? |
- Pulse rate - Stroke volume - Cardiac output |
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Define stroke volume |
The amount of blood pumped out of each ventricle per beat/contraction |
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Define cardiac output |
The amount of blood pumped out of the heart in 1 minute |
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How do you calculate cardiac output? |
cardiac output = stroke volume x heart rate |
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Define blood pressure and what is it? |
- The force of blood exerted on the blood vessels - A blood pressure meter measures how well the heart is pumping and how the vessels are working - The harder they work the more the more contractions needed |
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What does a blood pressure reading show? |
Systolic Pressure Diastolic Pressure |
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What affects blood pressure? |
- Age - Exercise level - Stress - Weight - Smoking (nicotine) - Alcohol Consumption |
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How can blood pressure be reduced? |
- Exercise regularly - Less salt in diet - Maintain correct body weight - Avoid excessive stress - Don't smoke (reduces heart and blood vessel efficiency) |
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What is systolic pressure? |
The maximum pressure in the arteries when the heart contracts and pushes blood through the arteries (left ventricle contracts) |
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What is diastolic pressure? |
The pressure of the blood during the relaxation, when the blood enters the ventricles from the atrium -> left ventricle relaxes |
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Define heart rate |
The number of times the heart beats per minute |
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What is resting heart rate? |
How fast your heart beats when not participating in any physical activity or under any stress |
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What can affect resting heart rate? |
- Resting heart rate varies from person to person - It depends on fitness - The fitter you are the lower your resting heart rate - The average resting heart rate is between 70-75bpm |
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What are the immediate effects of exercise on the body? |
- Breathing rate increases - Sweating starts - Body temperature increases - Muscles begin to ache |
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What are the long term benefits of exercise on the cardiovascular system? |
- Increased stroke volume & cardiac output - Faster recovery rate after exercise - Lower resting heart rate - Lower blood pressure - Veins & arteries become healthier - Reduced risk of coronary heart disease - Cardiac hypertrophy |
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How can rest effect the cardiovascular system? |
- Essential to recover and allows the body to adapt - Allows the heart to grow in size and thickness - Increased number of capillaries |
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How can stress effect the cardiovascular system? |
- Negative stress build up over time - Increased blood pressure and heart rate - Can lead to depression |
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How can recreational drugs effect the cardiovascular system? |
- Hinder ability to exercise - Increase heart rate - High risk of heart disease - Increase risk of vessel blockages |
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How can high cholesterol effect the cardiovascular system? |
- High blood pressure - High heart rate - Increased risk of heart disease - Increased risk of liver problems |
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What is low density lipoprotein (LDL)? |
- Bad cholesterol - Made up of mainly fat - Can cause harmful deposits arteries |
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What is high density lipoprotein (HDL)? |
- Good cholesterol - Helps reduce amount of bad cholesterol |
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What are the 8 main parts of the heart? |
- Right ventricle - Right atrium - Vena cava - Pulmonary artery - Aorta - Left atrium - Pulmonary Vein - Left ventricle |
