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10 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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1. Student protest.
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Students protested about the way universities and society in general were run, inequality and social justice. There was much protest about the war in Vietnam.
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2. The SDS.
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Students for a Democratic Society was set up in 1960. It was non-violent and organised like a civil rights group but when this had little effect some advocated violence. It organised protests on a range of issues, from student involvement in university decision making to the Vietnam war.
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3. 'Turn on, tune in, drop out'.
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This phrase was coined by Timothy Leary. Many young people rejected their parents' values and rules. They wanted to get out of that society, set up a counter-culture and make their own rules of how to live. One of the influential 'drop out' movements was the hippie movement, which horrified the older generation by its emphasis on peace, free love, communal living and the use of drugs such as LSD.
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4. Organisation of protests.
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Students organised sit-ins, marches, strikes, and broke laws to get arrested. Many burned their draft cards to protest about Vietnam. Protests became increasingly large and violent. (See source B on p. 66 of your textbook).
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5. Was student protest effective?
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The majority of the students involved in the protests were middle class, educated, white - the auhtorities found it harder to ignore them. They used successful civil rights tactics. Large protests targeted several issues.
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6. Kent State shootings (May 1970)
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There had been violent anti-war demonstrations at the Kent State University. The National Guard was called in to restore order. On 4th May around 2000 protesters gathered for a meeting which the National Guard tried to break up using tear gas. A state of emergency was declared because the commanders felt the National Guard had lost control of the crowd. Evidence about what happened next is confused, but at about 12.30pm Guardsmen fired on the protesters, killing four, and seriously wounding nine.
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7. Women in the 1960s.
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Women were expected to marry and look after the home and family. Some campaigned for equal rights but prejudice was widespread and many women were quietly dissatisfied. Eleanor Roosevelt became a key campaigner for women's rights. Betty Friedan published an influential book 'The Feminine Mystique' which started to change the way a lot of people thought about the role of women (see p. 70).
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8. 1960s laws to improve women's rights.
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The Equal Pay Act said women had to be paid the same as men if they were doing the same job; the Civil Rights Act made sexual discrimination illegal but there were legal loopholes, and attitudes did not change much.
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9. How did women protest?
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The National Organisation for Women (NOW) was set up and operated like a civil rights group. Talk of 'women's liberation' spread through university campuses. Women in radical organisations set up local groups and magazines.
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10. Opposition to women's groups.
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Organisations like Happiness of Womanhood supported traditional roles for women. Prejudice was deep seated even among some radical men who patronised women. Real change was slow.
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