Edema

Front 1

Edema

Back 1

swelling from fluids

Front 2

The 4 possible causes of edema:

Back 2

increased capillary permeability, decreased capillary oncotic pressure, increased capillary hydrostatic pressure, and lymph obstruction

Front 3

During increased capillary permeability___ escape from the vascular bed and produce edema.

Back 3

proteins

Front 4

During decreased capillary oncotic pressure and a gain in___ edema can occur.

Back 4

intersitial fluid proteins

Front 5

Decreases capillary oncotic pressure is usually associated with:

Back 5

inflammation or the immune response

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Decrease in___ contributes to the decrease in plasma oncotic pressure. Decrease of oncotic attraction of fluid within capillary causes___.

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plasma albumin concentration
fluid to move into the interstitial space

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Examples of the result in decreases oncotic pressure:

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loss of plasma proteins, cirosis of the liver, malnurished, kidney disease, hemorage, drainage clear from wound.

Front 8

Increased capillary hydrostatic pressure can be caused by:

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obstruction (vein blood clot), salt and water retention, conjestive heart failure, and renal disease

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The function of lymph

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picks uf\p fluid at the capillary bed

Front 10

Causes of lymph obstruction:

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cancer (removal of lymphnodes/lymphodema), infection or parasite, trauma, radiation therapy

Front 11

The 9 clinical manifestations of edema:

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swelling of area, pain from swelling, tighter clothes, weight gain, limited movement of extremity, hypertension, dyspnea, decreased hematocrit, decreased serum proteins

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During edema accumulation of fluid:

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increases distance required for nutrients, oxygen, and water to move between capillaries and tissue.

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Increased tissue pressure may:

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diminish capillary blood flow and put pressure on nerves and muscles.

Front 14

Decreased capillary blood flow can make:

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wound healing take longer which increases the risk of an infection and an increase in the formation of pressure ulcers

Front 15

The pitting edema grade scale:

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trace to 4+

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Pitting edema is determined by:

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an indentation formed when pressed upon

Front 17

How long the indention stays is how:

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pitting edema is graded

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Pitting edema can result from:

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heart failure and acute renal failure

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Brawney edema is a result of:

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chronic venous incompentence

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Chronic veinous incompentence

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veins do not work as well as they used to

Front 21

Brawney edema can result from:

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renal disease

Front 22

Brawney edema makes:

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skin thicker, usually below the knees and a brownish skin discoloration

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Brawney edema may:

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pit

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An example of nonpitting edema

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when it is hot and your hands swell

Front 25

Nonpitting edema does not make:

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an indentation

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Nonpitting edema is related to:

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heat, sodium and fluid retention, and veins not working right

Front 27

Dependent edema is most common in:

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the feet (plane ride)

Front 28

If dependent edema is found on an already ill person:

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find other sources

Front 29

An example of dependent edema:

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when a patient is in bed most of the time their sacrel area or their calves may swell

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Anasarca

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generalized third spacing of fluid all over body

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As with anasarca, when the third space is not available for the body to use the patient may become___.

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dehydrated as with burn patients

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Ascites

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third spacing in peritineal space (abdomen)

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To evaluate and treat edema you should:

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treat the underlying cause, evaluate affected extremity, apply support hose, give or restrict fluid and diuretics.

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Edema can also occur in the:

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organs

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Ceberal edema

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swelling of the brain and increased intercranial pressure

Front 36

Ceberal edema can be caused by:

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trauma, surgery, and cancer

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Pulmonary edema

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swelling of the lung tissue

Front 38

pleural effusion

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fluid trapped in the pleural space

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Plumonary edema and pleural effusion cause:

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pressure on the lungs which results in not good gas exchange

Front 40

Pericardial effusion

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fluid trapped in the pericardial space

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Pericardial effusion causes:

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compression on the heart thus resulting in the heart not being able to pump as well

Front 42

2 liters of water =

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2.2 kilograms of body weight