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23 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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action research
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systematic observations or tests of methods conducted by teachers or schools to improve teaching and learning for their students
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cognitive development
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gradual orderly changes by which mental processes become more complex and sophisticated
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synapses
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tiny space between neurons- chemical messages are sent across these gaps
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myelination
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the process by which neural fibers are coated with a fatty sheath called myelin that makes message transfer more efficient
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lateralization
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the specialization of the two hemispheres of the brain cortex
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co-constructed
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social process in which people interact and negotiate (usually verbally) to create an understanding or solve a problem. The final product is shaped by all participants.
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syntax
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order of words in phrases or sentences
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scaffolding
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support for learning and problem solving, in form of clues, reminders, encouraement, breaking down into steps, provideing an example, etc. allows student to grow in independence as a learner
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metalinguistic awareness
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understanding about one's own use of language
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initiative
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willingnes to begin new activities and explore new directions
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psychosocial
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describing the relation of the individual's emotional needs to the social environment
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cultural deficit model
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a model that explains teh school achievement problems of ethnic minority students by assuming that their culture is inadequate and does not prepare them to succeed in school
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SES
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relative standing in the society based on income, power, background, and presitge
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tracking
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assignment to different classes and academic experiences based on achievement
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ethnicity
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a cultural heritage shared by a group of people
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discrimination
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treating or acting unfairlty toward particular categories of people
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stereotype
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schema that organizes knowledge or perceptions about a category
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code switching
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successful switching between cultures in language, dialect, or nonverbal behaviors to fit the situation
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ESL
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designation for programs and classes to teach English to students who are not native speakers of English
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gender bias
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different views of males and females, often favoring one gender over the other
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gender schema
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organized network of knowledge about what it means to be male of female
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sociocultural theory
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emphasizes role in development of cooperative dialogues between children and more knowledgeable members of society. Children learn the culture of their community (ways of thinking and behaving) through these interactions
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industry
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eagerness to engage in productive work
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