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66 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What determines if a receiver will receive a spoken message
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phsiological state, emotional state, environment
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what are the three substructure of communication
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respiratiory, phonatory, articulatory
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what are the components of self knowledge
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self concept, categorical self, remembered self, enduring self
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describe the self concept
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set of attibutes, abilities, and values that an individual believes defines who s/he is
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describe the categorical self
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self description, gender, height, etc, outward characteristics
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describe the remebered self
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autobiographical experiences
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describe the enduring self
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continuity of existence
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Describe the self concept in early childhood
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physical characteristics, posessions, specific abilities
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Descripte the self concept in mid to late childhood
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social aspects, competencies
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describe the self concept in adolescence
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values, personality traits,
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In what areas do we see changes to the self concept in adolescence?
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cognition, metacognition, social comparison, physical development
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What influences sexual identity
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hormones, cognition, sociocultural factors
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Describe the stages of gender identitty
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gender labeling- early childhood, external determinates
gender stability- preschool, permanence of gender gender consistency- late preschool to early elementary |
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What are the components of self esteem in childhood
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academic, social, physical/ athletic competence, physical apperance
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In addition to academic, social, physical/ athletic competence, physical apperance from early childhood, what new featuers of the self esteem do we find in adolescence?
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close friendships, romantic appeal, behavioral conduct, job competence
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What is the difference between morals and moral behavior
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morals involve internalization, they are a cognitive process, moral behavior is centered around the actual behaviors
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Acording to skinner, how are morals formed?
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behavioralistic method- morals are achieve through punishment and reinforcement
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How does the psycodynamic method explain moral development
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identification with the parent
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how does bandura (social learning theory) explain moral development?
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role modeling, consistency, warmth, encouragement, examples, explanation
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What characterizes stage 1 of kohlberg's theory of moral development?
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punishment and obedience
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What characterizes stage 2 of kohlberg's theory of moral development?
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self interest and exchange, "insturmental purpose orientation"
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What is the first group of stages (1 and 2) of Kohlberg's theory of moral development
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preconventional
characterized by external social rules, conform to rules out of fear |
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What characterizes stage 3 of kohlberg's theory of moral development?
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good boy/ good girl stage, desire to be good
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What characterizes stage 4 of kohlberg's theory of moral development?
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concreter operations, the law, "social order maintaining orientation"
I follow the rules because it keeps order and benefits the majority |
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What is the second group of stages (3 and 4) of Kohlberg's theory of moral development
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Conventional
social rules are internalized accepts and understands rules especially from authority figures |
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What characterizes stage 5 of kohlberg's theory of moral development?
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individual rights, social contract orientation
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What characterizes stage 6 of kohlberg's theory of moral development?
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universal ethical principles
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What is the second group of stages (5 and 6) of Kohlberg's theory of moral development
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post conventioal, formal operations
societal rules accepted but own rules are formed which underlie the social ones |
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what factors affect moral reasoning?
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gender, peer interactions, parenting style, schooling, culture (induvidual vs. collectivist), temperment, ability to control behavior and delay gratification
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Define family
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complex set of interaction relationships influenced by the larger socializing context
a unit of pyschological, financial, and economic support |
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what are the functions of the family unit
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survival, reproduction, socialization, economic, social order, emotional support
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What are the 3 dimensions of child rearing used to describe parentying sytle
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warmth, control, automomy
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What are the four types of parenting styles
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authoritative, authoritarian, permissive/ indulgent, univovled, neglectful
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a parent that is high in all three dimensions (warmth, control, and autonomy) is...?
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authoritative
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a parent that is low in warmth, high in control and low in autonomy is...?
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authoritarian
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a parent that is high in warmth, low in control and high in auonomy is...?
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permissive/ indulgent
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a parent that is low in warmth, low in control, and high in autonomy is...?
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uninvolved/ neglectful
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Describe a child raised by neglectful/ uninvolved parents
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socially incompetent, lack of self control, low self esteem, untrusting
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Describe a child raised by permissive/indulgent parents
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socially incompetent, lack control, immature, low self independence
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Describe a child raised by authoritarian parents
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socially incompetent, withdrawn, poor communication skills, aggressive
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Describe a child raised by authoritative parents
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competent, self control, high esteem, cooperative
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What are the benefits of siblings?
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playmate, role model, source of information, go between- family dynamics, another view point
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What factors affect how a child adjusts to divorce
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parent's coping/ emotional style, cosistency in parenting, new social status, child's temperament, age of child, gender of child, social support system, how soon the parent brings in a new partner
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Factors that make step parenting difficult
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no life long emotional ties, loyaty issues, reminder of previous relationships, no clear guidelines
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form of maltreatment
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abuse- physical, sexual
negelect- physical, emotional , psycological |
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What distinguishes abuse from bad parenting
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frequency of the act, intensity of the act, intension of the act
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According to parten, what are the 4 types of play
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non social
parallel associative cooperative |
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Describe functional play
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less than 2 years of age
pratice play sensorimotor play |
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describe constructive play
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3-6 years
fine motor skills, play dough, legos, etc |
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describe make believe play
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2-6 yearss, pretense, symbolic
props, plots, roles games with rules, concret operations |
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what is friendship a source of
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social skill development, companionship, stimulation, information, support (physical, emotional, ego)
identity, trial models |
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How are male's friends different than females
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males usually have more friends, less intimate, activity based, greater age diversity
females have smaller more intimate groups, takes longer to establish friendship |
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what are the three levels of friendship
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level 1 4-7 years handay playmate
level 2 8-10 reciprocity level 3 11-15 years imtimacy and loaylty |
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What are the 4 categories of social acceptance?
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popular, rejected, controversial, neglected
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What are the two subgroups of the popular social category
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pro-social and anti-social
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what are the two subgroups of the rejected social category
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rejected-agressive
rejected- withdrawn |
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Describe a popular, prosocial person
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many + votes, adapts easily to groups,
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describe a popular, antisocial person
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tough, athletic, lower academic skills, defy adults, viewed as cool, highly agressive
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Describe a rejected agressive person
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high rate of conflic. hostility
poor perspective taking skills inattentive misinterpretes cues from others |
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describe a rejected withdrawn person
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passive and socially awkward
inhibited and low risk taker hold negative expectation for how peers will treat them |
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describe a controversial person
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blend of +/- characteristics
can be hostile or class clown high rates of pro-social behavior has both friends and enemies |
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Describe a neglected person
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low rates on interaction
considered shy but HAS SOCIAL SKILLS not socially unaccepted |
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What two categories of people are usually involved in bullying? Who does what?
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bully- popular antisocial or rejected agressive
victim- rejected withdrawn |
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What are some intervention techniques to deal with bullying?
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teach social skills (role playing, group work)
classroom activities, work with parents on how to teach social skills |
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What are the characteristics of a bullly
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popular antisocial or rejected agressive
good self esteem strong need to dominate impulsive, defiant to adults' low empathy for weak |
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describe the typical victim of bullying
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rejected withdrawn individual
physically weaker, late development cautious, shy, sensitve anxiuos, insecure, low self esteeem related better to adults than children |
