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17 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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Define:
Predation |
Members of one species obtain energy by eating other organisms.
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What are the 5 specific kinds of predation?
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1) Typical
2) Parasitoids 3) Herbivoes 4) Parasites 5) Cannibalism |
PP THC
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Define:
Typical predation |
Carnivores eating herbivores or other carnivores
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Define:
Parasitoid predation |
Insects lay eggs on or near host insect, which is then eaten by offspring.
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Define:
Herbivore predation |
Prey upon plants or algae; often do not kill the individual.
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Define:
Parasitic predation |
Live on or in host and *depend* on host for nutrition.
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Define:
Cannibalistic predation |
Predator and prey are the same species
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What are 3 reasons why predation is important?
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1) A factor in influencing distribution and abundance of organisms.
2) A factor in structuring communities 3) A force of natural selection. |
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What did both the Lotka-Volterra and the Rosenzweig-Macarthur model for predation show?
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The mdoels predicted that predator/prey densities may often oscillate in a cyclic fashion.
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True or False:
In a predation model, the time at which the predators and prey oscillate is the same. |
False.
Predator oscillation lags behind prey oscillation because it takes time (usually more than prey) for predators to reproduce. |
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Describe Gause's lab experiments on predation
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Didinium = predator
Paramecium = prey Mixed them together and looked at how their densities changed. a) Simply putting two species together results in extinction for both species. b) Giving refuge to the prey results in starvation of the predator c) Periodic immigration into both population produces oscillations. |
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What was the example given for predator/prey oscillations observed in the environment?
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Lynx/Hare cycle recorded by the Hudson Bay Company.
The oscillations have a 9-10 year period. |
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What are 3 ways predators respond to an increase in prey density?
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1) Functional Response
Eat more prey/unit time 2) Numerical Response Increase predator density through reproduction 3) Aggregative Response Increase in predator density through immigration |
FAN
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What are the (2) limits to a predators ability to respond to an increase in prey density?
i.e. why can't the predators not just eat all the prey. |
1) Predators have a satiation point.
2) Predator reproduction rates are usually slower than prey reproduction rates. |
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If predator reproduction rates are slower than prey reproduction rates, what strategy does this suggest for prey?
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Predator satitation
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Define:
Predator Satiation Hypothesis What are 2 examples |
Prey can reduce the individual probability of being eaten by reaching high density.
Examples: 1) "Masting" in seed-producing plants 2) Kathy Williams periodical cicadas |
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Describe what happened with the "Dingo proof" fence in Australia
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A 10,000 km fence was built to keep the Dingos away from the Red Kangaroo.
On the side of the fence without the Dingo's, the population of Red Kangaroo increased. On the side of the fence *with* the Dingo's, the population of Red Kangaroos, sheep, and emu decreased. |
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