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25 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the two main ways population density can be increased?
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Natality
Immigration |
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What are the two main ways population density can be decreased?
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Mortality
Emmigration |
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What does it mean for population growth to happen via. Discrete Generations?
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There is episodic reproduction
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As R_o (Net Reproductive Rate) increases, the rate of geometric growth...
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...increases
FIG 9.1 pg. 144 |
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What is an example of an organism that reproduces via. discrete generations?
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Flowers blooming seasonally
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Define:
Overlapping generations |
Continuous reproduction
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Give an example(s) of an organism that reproduces via. overlapping generations.
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Humans
bacteria |
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What are 2 environmental conditions that allow for exponential growth?
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1) Colonizers in unoccupied, suitable habitat
2) Population "freed" from biotic factors that regulate population size. |
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What organism was used as an example of geometric growth?
What is the story? |
Reindeer being introduced to the Pribilof Islands
1) 20 reindeer were released on St. Paul Island in 1911 2) No predators on the island 3) Geometric growth occurred, followed by a crash. |
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Indefinite geometric growth is prevented because...
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...necessary resources are limited.
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List 3 factors that limit population growth:
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1) Disease and parasites
2) Predators 3) Interspecific competition |
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In the "real world", population growth often displays _____ growth curves.
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sigmoidal (s-shaped)
i.e. logistic growth |
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Define:
Carrying capacity (K) |
A given environment can only support some maximum number if individuals in a given population.
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Logistic Growth Model Equation:
If N is small, this is a close estimate to... |
...geometric growth
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Logistic Growth Model Equation:
If N = K this means... |
...the population is at equilibrium
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Logistic Growth Model Equation:
What is (i) defined as? |
(i) is the Inflection Point, where N = k/2 on the graph.
i.e. when population size is half the carrying capacity |
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True or False:
Intraspecific competition prevents geometric growth from happening indefinitely. |
True.
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Define:
Intraspecific competition |
Members of the *same* species competing for resources.
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Logistic Growth Model Equation:
The ratio (K - N) / K is called... |
...unutilized opportunity for population growth
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Continuous Population Growth model:
In any short time interval (dt), b*dt is defined as... |
b*dt = The probability an individual has of giving rise to another individual.
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Continuous Population Growth model:
In any short time interval (dt), d*dt is defined as... |
d*dt = The probability an individual has of dying.
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Continuous Population Growth model:
r is defined as... What are it's UNITS? |
r = per capita rate of population growth
r = (b - d) r = individuals / capita / year |
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Continuous Population Growth model:
You have an instantaneous rate of increase for a population (r). What equation do you use to find the *finite* rate of population increase? |
λ = e^r
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Continuous Population Growth model:
You're given a population size (N). You're given it's instantaneous rate of increase (r). You're given some amount of time (t) for the population to grow. What equation do you use to estimate the population size at time t? |
N_t = N_o*e^(rt)
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What are the UNITS for Net Reproductive Rate (R_o)?
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Average number of female offspring / female /lifetime (generation)
"R_o, the net reproductive rate, is the average number of female offspring, per female, per their lifetime." |
