Ecol: Evolution In Communities

Front 1

Character Displacement

Back 1

Occurs when species that live sympatrically and occupy similar Niches, differentiate; thus minimising niche overlap competitive exclusion.

Front 2

Sympatric

Back 2

Same geographic area

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Competitive exclusion

Back 3

- No two species can occupy the exact same niche.

- One will always outcompete the other (competitively exclude it).

Front 4

Character Displacement Example

Back 4

Darwin finches via Adaptive radiation

Front 5

Extended Phenotype

Back 5

When an organisms phenotypes extends beyond its own morphology, behavior and physiology- so that it effects the phenotype of other organisms.

- These effects can effect the species richness and variation is species within a community.

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Objects: Extended Phenotypes

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Objects constructed by organisms, modifying their own environment. Eg, nests and beaver dams.

Front 7

Direct Changes to Organisms: Extended Phenotype

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Changes to phenotypes of other organisms.

Eg, parasite manipulation of behavior/morphology of hosts.

Eg, gall wasps

Front 8

Gall wasp example

Back 8

- Gall wasp makes gall

- Parasitoid wasp oviposits in gall wasp larvae (steals gall and kills larvae)

- Galls intended to protect against p.wasps. Only certain wasps can penetrate certain galls, similar ones are attacked by similar p.wasps.

- Gall type effects community structure of p.wasps via gall phenotype.

- Galls = extended phenotype

Front 9

Evolutionary Processes Effect Community Structure

Back 9

Evolutionary processes are important drivers for species Niche and their interactions. Thus effecting community structure (where they can live and who they can coexist with).

Front 10

Ecological Processe Effects Community Structure

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DINS all that ****