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14 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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ALL POSSIBLE PACEMAKER SITES IN HEART |
SAN, ATRIAL CELLS, AVN, BUNDLE OF HIS, BUNDLE BRANCHES , PURKINJEE FIBRES, MYOCARDIAL CELLS |
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NORMAL SPREAD OF ELECTRICAL ACTIVITY IN THE HEART
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A. Atrial depolarization B. Septal depolarizationfrom left to right C. Depolarization of anteroseptalregion of the ventricularmyocardium D. Depolarization of major portion of ventricular myocardium from endocardial surface to epicardium E. Late depolarization ofposterobasal portion of the leftventricle and pulmonary conus
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ENLIST ALL THE TWELVE LEADS USED IN ECG AND THEIR POSITIONS
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BIPOLAR : LEAD I, LEAD II, LEAD III, UNIPOLAR : AVR, AVL, AVF CHEST LEADS : V1,V2,V3,V4,V5,V6, V1- fourth intercostal space at the right sternal border V2- fourth intercostal space at the left sternal border V4- fifth intercostal space at mid clavicular line V3- midway between V2 and V4 V5- at the same horizontal level as V4 in the anterior axillary line V6- at the same horizontal level as V4 in the mid axillary line.
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HOW MUCH TIME AND VOLTAGE DOES EACH LARGE BLOCK INDICATE ?
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AS THE RATE IS 25 mm/SEC AND EACH LARGE BLOCK IS 5mm , EACH LARGE BLOCK MUST BE 0.2 SEC [5 LARGE BLOACKS = 1 SEC] 2 LARGE BLOCKS = 1mV
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HOW QRS COMPLEX IS NAMED ? AND WHERE THE USUAL NAMING IS NOT APPLICABLE ? |
1ST -VE DEFLECTION = Q 1ST +VE DEFLECTION = R -VE DEFLECTION AFTER 1ST POSITIVE DEFLECTION = S 2ND +VE DEFLECTION = R'
THESE RULES ARENT APPLICABLE FOR aVR
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WHAT ARE EARLY TRANSITION AND LATE TRANSITION ? |
If transition occurs as early as V2, then it is called early transition andif transition occurs as late as V5, it is called late transition |
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WHAT IS NORMAL STANDARDIZATION ? |
HEIGHT : 2 LARGE BLOCKS = 1mV WIDTH : 1 LARGE BLOCK = 0.2 SEC
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HOW SHOULD BE THE WAVES IN AVR ? AND WHAT IF THE WAVES ARE NOT HOW THEY ARE SUPPOSED TO BE ? |
ALL INVERTED . IF NOT , LEADS MUST BE INCORRECTLY PLACED OR THE CASE IS DEXTROCARDIA
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HOW DO YOU CALCULATE HEART RATE BASED ON NUMBER OF LARGE BLOCKS BETWEEN RR INTERVAL |
300 / NUMBER OF LARGE BLOCKS BETWEEN RR INTERVAL.1500 / NUMBER OF SMALL BLOCKS BETWEEN RR INTERVAL |
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How do you calculate heart rate if RR intervals are irregular ? |
Number of R waves within 30 large blocks multiplied by 10 |
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WHAT IS SINUS RHYTHM ?
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P WAVE MUST BE FOLLOWED BY QRS COMPLEX PR INTERVAL SHOULD BE NORMAL AND CONSTANT RR INTERVALS SHOULD BE REGULAR P WAVE MORPHOLOGY SHOULD BE NORMAL
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HOW DO YOU IDENTIFY THE AXIS IN ECG ?
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SIMPLE MNEMONIC IS TO LOOK FOR R WAVE DEFLECTIONS IN LEAD I AND AVF (AS THEY ARE PERPENDICULAR . IF THEY APPEAR TO BE REACHING THEN RIGHT AXIS DEVIATION IF THEY APPEAR TO BE LEAVING, THEN LEFT AXIS DEVIATION IF BOTH ARE POSITIVE THEN NORMAL AXIS DEVIATION POSITIVE REFLECTIONS OF R WAVES IN BOTH LEAD I AND AVF IS NORMAL AXIS DEVIATION POSITIVE DEFLECTION OF R WAVE IN LEAD I AND NEGATIVE DEFLECTION OF R WAVE IN IVF IS LEFT AXIS DEVIATION NEGATIVE R DEFLECTION IN LEAD I AND POSITIVE R DEFLECTION IN AVF IS RIGHT AXIS DEVIATION.
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CONDITIONS SHOWING RIGHT AXIS DEVIATION ?
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RIGHT VENTRICULAR HYPERTROPHY RIGHT BUNDLE BRANCH BLOCK LEFT POSTERIOR HEMIBLOCK EMPHYSEMA, COR PULMONALE TETRALOGY OF FALLOT
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Conditions showing left Axis deviation ?
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left ventricular hypertrophy left bundle branch block left anterior hemiblock wolff-parkinson-white syndrome hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
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