East Asian Traditions

Front 1

Francis Xavier

Back 1

missionary in japan from portugese

Front 2

Amida

Back 2

principle buddha in pure land buddha (mayahana)

Front 3

Why is the Song Dynasty sometimes considered the beginning of China’s early modern period?

Back 3

Rise of a market economy, Heavy urbanization, Rise of shipping and trade, expansion of literacy, Rise of printing, Scientific innovation, Rational cosmology, Rise of a commoner class

Front 4

Emperor Tenmu

Back 4

first monarch of japan, married empress jito and was credited with helping write the kojiki with jito

Front 5

What are some of the ways the Japanese modeled themselves after the Chinese?

Back 5

writing, religion, government, everything?

Front 6

Fujiwara clan

Back 6

in power during the heian period, had power by marrying their daughters into the emperor line and holding power over the next emperor

Front 7

Kojiki

Back 7

first origin story of japan, written in unorthodox chinese and later a new better one was made named the nihon shoki

Front 8

Mahayana Buddhism

Back 8

"greater vehicle, buddhalands, expedient means, lotus sutra is part of this, anyone can become buddha, adds layers to samsara (buddhas to be) and buddhas can manipulate karma to travel through samsara (transmigration)

Front 9

Confucianism

Back 9

warring states period, focuses on humaness, important five relationships, analects was like their bible, filial piety was super important as were the four classics

Front 10

Daoism

Back 10

wuwei- inaction, harmony with the way (dao), more about nature than humaness, principle text was daodejing by laozi (sage)

Front 11

Legalism

Back 11

developed during qin dynasty, humans need strict laws and consequences, legal codes that made sure the emperor wasnt involved in them and impartiality so the emperor was also held to a standard

Front 12

Heian Marriage Politics

Back 12

Fujiwara clan marries daughters into emperor lineage in hope that son will become emperor. son is controlled by grandfather. women compete to be next wife. (Genji period)

Front 13

Neo Confucianism

Back 13

During the Song dynasty, is more metaphysical, universe comprised of li and qi

Front 14

Mongol Conquest of China

Back 14

started by chinggis khan who unites mongols and attacks jin dynasty, his son khubilai khan then takes over and has control over china during the jin and yuan dynasty, declares himself empero shizu

Front 15

Mongol Invasians of Japan

Back 15

khubilai khan attacks japan and is whiped out by a typhoon, attacks again later and is stuck in japans bay for awhile where they fought and then get hits by a typhoon again

Front 16

The rise of the Samurai

Back 16

rose to power with the shogunate, had a basic moral code and helped keep the shogunate in power over the empire, eventually got put into a aristocrat status which made them lose some of their power

Front 17

Three Kingdoms period of Korea

Back 17

three main states in korea made up of silla, goguryeo and baekje, silla with the help of the tang dynasty took over and unified korea.

Front 18

Warring States period of China

Back 18

eight warring states emerged from spring and autumn period, eight states broke up and started fighting between eachother, qin conquered all states and started the qin dynasty

Front 19

Japan invasion of Korea

Back 19

invaded first in korea by toyotomi hideoshi but korea held them back with the help of the ming dynasty ended in stalemate with everyone having exhausted resources, attacked again which put them in another stalemate until toyotomi died and japan pulled back all its people

Front 20

What were some of the issues Christian missionaries faced when introducing Christianity to Japan?

Back 20

translation, people thought it was just another part of buddhism, massacre of japanese converts by toyotomi hideyoshi, hideyoshi expells christian missionaries

Front 21

What were some of the issues Buddhist missionaries faced when introducing Buddhism to China?

Back 21

translation, china didnt like anything that wasnt chinese

Front 22

Five Relationships

Back 22

1. father and son

2. husband and wife

3. older brother and younger brother

4. ruler and subject

5. friendship

(created heirarchy of relationships)

Front 23

Xunzi

Back 23

(person and book) believed humans are innately bad, influenced by legalism, ritual and education are neccessary to help teach people to be good

Front 24

Amaterasu

Back 24

sun goddess, royal family descended from

Front 25

Emperor Wen of Sui

Back 25

first emperor of sui dynasty, unifies china after han falls, builds grand canal, fights goguryeu

Front 26

Lotus sutra

Back 26

part of buddhism, main ideas are expedient means and that everyone can become a buddha, principle text in east asia (especially japan), made aristocrats happy cos it said its ok to b rich and a buddha yaay

Front 27

Shang Dynasty

Back 27

considered pre dynasty, no writing other than oracle bones, first dynasty taken by the zhou and people know of its existence cos zhou brags about defeating them

Front 28

Ashikaga Yoshimitsu

Back 28

3rd shogune at the height of powers, builds golden pavilion and talks to ming china, wipes out line of descendants of court

Front 29

Dong Zhongshu

Back 29

confucian scholar, during han dynasty, advisor to emperor wu, led to the adoption of cosmilogical thought to confusicansfm

Front 30

Silk Road

Back 30

trade route, helped the spread of buddhism into eastern asia also europe goods.

Front 31

Ōnin War

Back 31

started by in fighting over who is gonna b next shogune (brother or son), kyoto is burned and people flee, no real winners and leads to usurp in provinces (peasant samurai), leads to emergencce of village communes

Front 32

Mandate of Heaven

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"will of heaven", gave the emperors rights to rule, emperors were also able to lose it. political idea used by zhou dynasty in order to explain why they can overthrow emperors

Front 33

Xiongnu

Back 33

territory north of china, liu bang tries to conquer them and is captured, pays tribute to them to be able to return home

Front 34

Sima Qian

Back 34

grand historian, wrote records during han dynasty (shang ~ zhou ~ qin ~ han), chose castration over death in order to finish his work

Front 35

Tale of Genji

Back 35

written by a women, story expresses that no love affairs end well, represents her maturation, genji mother was loved undeserving and this threatens his life, is made into a commoner to help keep him alive

Front 36

Mozi

Back 36

develops mohism which is universal love, no music, pacifism and took off in peasant class

Front 37

Yang Guifei

Back 37

prized consort, put family members in power one of whom upset An Lushan, emperor who loved her had to kill her to end the rebellion, seen as a morality tale

Front 38

Oracle bones

Back 38

animal bones burned in patterns, cracks were read to tell the future (divination) this was used to validate rulers

Front 39

Oda Nobunaga

Back 39

one of the three unifiers during the muromachi period, wanted to conquer all under heaven, destroys ikko

Front 40

Di

Back 40

supreme god, wasnt influenced by rituals and was considered fickle because it would sometime aid the enemy

Front 41

Ming Taizu

Back 41

First Ming Dynasty emperor, replaces Yuan Dynasty (mongals) from peasant birth, erratic ruler and wife had to talk him down, created state funded education, last ethnically chinese ruler

Front 42

Hwarang

Back 42

"flowering knights", became associated with bad connotations, were rich aristocrats who were warriors

Front 43

Goguryeo-Sui Wars

Back 43

series of wars that eventually end in a stalemate , exhausts resources on both sides allowing tang dynasty to come to power in china and silla to unify korea

Front 44

Mencius

Back 44

confucian scholar, (like xunzi), thought people are inherently good but universe is capricious, if you do good to be rewarded then it isnt good, ritual and eduacation is necessary to remind people of their goodness

Front 45

An Lushan

Back 45

started An lushan rebellion during Tang dynasty, resented Yang Guifei's power, was kinda a jerk

Front 46

The Tang Code

Back 46

very simple code, legalistic, allowed people to know whatll happen, used during the tang dynasty, obviously

Front 47

Liu Bang

Back 47

peasant who rose through the ranks, reunified china, starts han dynasty, didnt want to be leader

Front 48

Hundred Schools of Thought

Back 48

during warring states period, came from trying to get out of fighting situation, includes confuc, legalism, and mohism

Front 49

Village communes (sō) (Japan)

Back 49

local lords lose authority, during muromachi period, communal lands farmed by everyone and proceeds shared, taxes used for upkeep of village

Front 50

Qin Dynasty

Back 50

emerged from warring states period, very strict/legalistic, had two emperors (Qin Huang Di), killed all scholars, burned history books, started great wall, replaced by han dynasty

Front 51

The Great Wall

Back 51

finished being built by ming dynstay who used it to fight against mongals, lots of others help build it, started by qin dynsaty

Front 52

Transmigration

Back 52

buddhas manipulating karma to travel through samsara