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64 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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tendency of a mineral to break along straight lines |
cleavage |
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they way in which light reflects off the surface in a metallic/non-metallic way |
luster |
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resistance to being scratched |
hardness |
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color of powder left when scraped |
streak |
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the ability to glow in the presence of UV light |
fluorescence |
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tendency of a mineral to break in fragments |
fracture |
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how "heavy" a mineral is or a ratio of its mass compared to its volume |
density |
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who is made out of each other? (rocks made out of minerals or minerals made out of rocks) |
rocks made out of minerals |
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what Missouri's state mineral? why? |
galena- lots of lead |
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what's Missouri's state rock? |
mozarkite |
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what's missouris state fossil? why? |
crinoid because we used to have an ancient ocean |
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what causes the differences in minerals- wether it cleaves or fractures, whether it fluorescences, is brittle, or has metallic luster, etc...? |
pattern of repeating atoms |
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what's the process for finding the hardness of a mineral on MOHs scale? |
fingernail – coin – glass – steel nail |
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The process of small rocks being glued together |
cementation |
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The quality of having wavy bands with in a metamorphic rock |
foliation |
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The name for molten rock above the earths surface |
lava |
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The name for molten rock below the Earth's surface |
magma |
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The type of igneous rock found w small crystals above the surface |
extrusive |
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The type of igneous rock found with large crystals below the surface |
intrusive |
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The process of making sediments |
sedimentation |
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The act of laying down sediments in layers |
Deposition |
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what happens to metamorphic rocks when Atoms rearrange due to the heat and pressure |
recrystallization |
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One characteristic for igneous rocks |
sometimes crystallizes |
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One characteristic for sedimentary rocks |
sometimes layer/fossils inside |
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One characteristic for metamorphic rocks |
sometimes crystallizes |
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how can igneous rock become a sedimentary rock? (use vocab) |
Break into little sediments, get deposited by when/water, compressed by piles of sediments, then cemented together |
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how can an igneous rock become a metamorphic rock? |
become buried by miles of rocks. Then get cooked by the core and squeezed from the pressure of miles of rock above it. Atoms rearranged and poof= metamorphic rock |
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how can a metamorphic rock become a sedimentary rock? |
Break into little sediments get deposited by wind/water, compressed by piles of sentiments, then cemented together |
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how can metamorphic rock become an igneous rock? |
fall into lava/magma, then cool off. Cool off above ground and Be extrusive with small crystals or cool slowly and develop larger crystals |
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what produces Amber and what gets fossilized inside? |
trees, trap insects |
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what does tar and ice do a good job of preventing? |
they prevent decay so the organism is preserved |
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what kind of body is needed in order to make a good fossil? |
hard body |
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which rock type are fossils found in? Why not the others |
sedimentary, lava burns up fossils and heat and pressure destroying fossils |
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what fossil type is made from pressing a thin organism on a rock |
carbon film |
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what kind of three 3D fossil is made from a mold |
cast fossil |
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what is ancient animal poop and footprints referred to as? |
trace fossils – because they are left behind |
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what do you things do tree rings tell you |
age and rainfall |
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what do the dark bands in the ice cores reveal? |
volcanic eruptions |
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what does the term half life mean? |
The time it takes for unstable atoms to turn into stable atoms |
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which element is used to determine the absolute age of rocks? of living things? |
uranium or carbon |
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what does carbon turn into? |
nitrogen |
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about how long is its half-life? |
thousands |
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Front (Term) |
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what does uranium turn into? |
lead (Pb) it's half life is about millions or billions |
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layer of earth with the most dense metals |
inner core |
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layer of earth made of solid metals |
inner core |
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layer of the earth made of liquid metals |
outer core |
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layer of the earth with toothpaste, tar/like rock right below the crust |
asthenosphere |
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The rising and falling of rock in a circular motion due to temp changes |
convection current |
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layer of the earth where convection currents move the lithosphere |
asthenosphere |
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layer of the earth made of part crossed, part mantle |
lithosphere |
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The different pieces of the crust that are like broken egg shells |
tectonic plates |
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where do volcanoes and earthquakes tend to occur? |
along the edges of tech tonic plates |
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A valley created by subducting plates |
Rift Valley (land) /trench (water) |
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to plates coming together |
converging |
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two plates moving away from each other |
diverging |
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two plates moving sideways to each other |
transform |
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A spot on the Earth's mantle where a lot of magma seeps through the crest to make a chain of islands |
Hotspot |
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Who is more dense- Ocean or continental crust? |
Ocean |
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The name for a denser plate moving under a lighter plate |
subduction |
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how fast do tectonic plates move? |
1 cm per year |
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what's the name of the original supercontinent |
Pangaea |
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what 3 pieces of evidence led Alfred Wegener to propose the theory of continental drift? |
tropical plants and Greenland, common Dino fossils in South America and Africa, common rock layers in Appalachians and Scotland |
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what evidence does the sea forgive us to show that crest is being made and destroyed? |
older rock layers farther away from the divergent boundaries, younger layers closer |
