Earth Science - Lab Exam

Front 1

Back 1

Type: Metamorphic

Name: Slate

Texture: Slaty cleavage

Foliated: Yes

Other: Relict bedding

Position: Forearc Basin - Sediment carried off shore become concentrated here. Land derived character of the sediments is evident in the nature of the fossil compartments preserved in the shale (e.g. Light weight plant debris swept out to sea by floods)

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Back 2

Type: Metamorphic

Foliated: Yes

Name: Granulite

Texture: Gneissic foliation

Mineralogy: feldspar, plagioclase, quartz

Position: Volcanic arc

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Back 3

Type: Metamorphic

Foliated: Yes

Name: Schist

Minerals: Muscovite, biotite, staurolite, andalusite, chlorite, quartz

Texture: Schistose foliation

Other: Garnet porphyroblasts

Position: Frontal arc?

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Back 4

Type: Metamorphic

Foliated: No

Name: Quartzite

Texture: Granoblastic

Minerals: Calculate, Dolomite, Quartz

Other: Relict bedding, interlocking quartz grains

Front 5

Back 5

Type: Metamorphic

Foliated: Yes

Texture: Schistose

Minerals: Staurolite, Chlorite

Other: Porphyroblasts of staurolite

Name: Schist

Front 6

Back 6

Type: Metamorphic

Foliated: No

Texture: Granoblastic

Minerals: Calcite, Garnet, Diopside

Other: minerals clumped by composition

Name: Skarn (York River Specimen)

Front 7

Back 7

Type: Metamorphic

Foliated: Yes

Texture: Phyllitic

Other: Silky/satin sheen, fine grained

Name: Phyllite

Front 8

Back 8

Type: Metamorphic

Foliated: No

Minerals: Jasper, hematite, magnetite

Others: Relict bedding, folding

Name: MetaBIF

Front 9

Back 9

Type: Metamorphic

Foliated: Yes

Texture: Mylonitic

Minerals: quartz

Others: Flattened porphyroclasts in fine grained groundmass

Name: Mylonite

Front 10

Back 10

Name: Granulite

Age period: Permian

Front 11

Back 11

Name: Quartzite

Front 12

Back 12

Name: Skarn

Front 13

Back 13

Name: Hornfels

Front 14

Back 14

Name: Quartz Arenite

Age period: Carboniferous/Permian

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Back 15

Name: Fossiliferous Limestone

Age period: Devonian/ordovician

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Back 16

Name: Fossiliferous Shale

Age period: Cambrian

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Back 17

Name: Conglomerate

Front 18

Back 18

Name: Gneiss

Age period: Neoarchean Eon

Front 19

Back 19

Name: Welded Tuff

Age period: Jurassic Period

Front 20

Back 20

Name: Syenite

Front 21

Back 21

Name: Serpentined Dunite

Description: Waxy lustre, lack of texture = alteration of half minerals, serpentine, pyroxene

Position: Upper mantle Periodtites

Front 22

Back 22

Name: Gabbro

Position: Upper magma chamber

Description: mafic, phaneritic, serpentine, course grained, pyroxene, plagioclase, feldspar, intrusive - slow cooling

Front 23

Back 23

Name: Serpentined Dunite

Position: Lower magma chamber

Description: serpentine, chromite, phaneritic, mafic, chromite sinks, serpentine rises

Front 24

Back 24

Name: Diabase

Position: Sheeted dykes

Description: porphyritic

Front 25

Back 25

Name: Amygdaloidal Basalt

Position: pillow lavas

Description: vesicles, high volatile content, aphanetic

Front 26

Back 26

Name: Mudstone

Position: sediment cover

Description: non-fissile, massive, low energy environment, soft sediment deformation = uneven surface

Front 27

Back 27

Name: Amphibolitized Perioditite

position: Upper mantle periodotite

Description: cooled slowly at depth

Front 28

Back 28

Name: Chert

Position: sediment cover

Description: precipitation of silica gel or deposition of silicious ooze, chert identified by hardness and fine grained soft sediment deformation present, biochemical

Front 29

Back 29

Name: Conglomerate

Position: Frontal arc/mountain lowlands

Why? Repeated rounding and sorting of class by long stream transportation. Physical weathering produces rock fragments which are transported down hill by gravity, with assistance from water.

Front 30

Back 30

Name: Quartz Arenite

Position: forearc basin

Why? Travels a far distance (fine grained) compared to breccia and conglomerate

Front 31

Back 31

Name: Amphibolite

Postion: Volcanic arc

Why? relatively uniform pressure and heat, but higher pressure and heat than green schist, found under the volcanic arc. Regional metamorphic facies.

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Back 32

Name: Ignimbrite

Postion: Volcanic arc

Why? formed from pyroclastic flow that remelted and weld. Lava flows and true ignimbrite are found close to the original volcano

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Back 33

Name: Shale

Position: forearm basin

Why? Sediments carried offshore become concentrated here. Land derived character of the sediment is evident in the nature of fossil components preserved in the shale - light weight plant debris swept out to sea by floods.

Front 34

Back 34

Name: Turbidites

Position: Trench

Why? Deposited by turbidity currents. high sediment production here from the rapid erosion of high lands. narrow widths of continental shelf areas landward and steep stop of seafloor leading to trench

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Back 35

Name: Chlorite Schist

Position: forearc basin

why? foliated and chlorite = chlorite schist at green schist facies

Front 36

Back 36

Name: Eclogite

Position: Deep subduction zone

Why? high temperature and pressure is found in the deep subduction zone

Front 37

Back 37

Name: Breccia/Conglomerate

Position: Frontal arc/mountain lowland

Why? collision = upthrust of rock = numerous high mountains. Physical weathering = rock fragments. Transported downstream by gravity and water.

Front 38

Back 38

Name: Conglomerate

Front 39

Back 39

Name: Shale

Position: river channel and floodplain

Why? footprint = periods of exposure. Ripple cross bedding form when flood water escape a river channel and velocity decreases so fine sediment settles out to from thin layers.

Front 40

Back 40

Name: Quartz Arenite

Position: Beaches, barrier island dunes.

Why? well sorted quartz sandstone and well rounded grains imply repeated processing of the same sediment grains by waves again and again

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Back 41

Name: Granular Sandstone (3-7b)

Position: Alluvial fan

why? Variable composition --> close to source, K-feldspar --> arid conditions

Front 42

Back 42

Name: Oolitic Limestone

Position: beaches, barriers islands, dunes

Why? ooids tend to from well sorted deposits of oolitic limestone in agitated tropical beach or shallow nearshore marine shelf environment

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Back 43

Name: Stromatolitic limestone

Position: tidal flats

Why? highly saline conditions that develop on mud flats in air tropical regions can promote the development of stromatolites

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Back 44

Name: Carbonaceous Shale

Positions: Deltas

Why? Mud = calm water, Plant fossils = close to land

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Back 45

Name: Diamictite

Position: upland and glacial environments

Why? sediment is very poorly sorted and is massive with very large clasts floating in a mud matrix. Scratches on large clasts imply a glacial origin.

Front 46

Back 46

Name: Microbial mats - limestone

Position: Lagoon

Why? biochemical so it needs to have a low energy quiet shallow body of water where it experiences high rates of evaporation and dries out, producing hyper saline and oxygen-deficient conditions

Front 47

Back 47

Name: Shale

Position: deep marine environment

Why? fine grained = calm water, shells deposited during storms, impression of marine life

Front 48

Back 48

Name: Shale

Position: deep sea floor

Why? impression of marine life, fine grained = calm water

Front 49

Back 49

Name: Quartz Arenite

Position: tidal flats

Why? mud cracks indicate alternating wet and dry periods in a low energy environment, well sorted sandstones = far from source

Front 50

Back 50

Name: Scoria

Front 51

Back 51

Name: Obsidian

Front 52

Back 52

Name: Pumice

Front 53

Back 53

Name: Lapilli Tuff

Front 54

Back 54

Name: Porphyry

Front 55

Back 55

Name: Quartz Diorite

Front 56

Back 56

Name: Granite

Front 57

Back 57

Name: Pegmatite

Front 58

Back 58

Names: (From right to left): I-1137/15, I-9d, DT, I-122

Front 59

Back 59

Name: I-3

Front 60

Back 60

Name: I-15

Front 61

Back 61

Name: Quartz Arenite

Front 62

Back 62

Name: Shale

Front 63

Back 63

Name: Claystone

Front 64

Back 64

Name: Greywake

Front 65

Back 65

Name: Quartz Arenite

Front 66

Back 66

Name: Conglomerate

Front 67

Back 67

Name: Breccia

Front 68

Back 68

Name: Conglomerate

Front 69

Back 69

Name: Chert

Front 70

Back 70

Name: BIF

Front 71

Back 71

Name: Chert

Front 72

Back 72

Name: Coal

Front 73

Back 73

Name: Fossiliferous Limestone

Front 74

Back 74

Name: Quartz Arenite

Front 75

Back 75

Name: Lithos Arenite

Front 76

Back 76

Name: Stromatolitic Limestone

Front 77

Back 77

Name: Mudstone