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16 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Rocks
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a solid aggregate of one or more minerals
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3 types of rocks
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1. Igneous
2. Sedimentary 3. Metamorphic - The 3 rock types are not static; Change from one type to another |
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Igneous
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From magma
- Magma doesn’t extrude – cools slowly underground Intrusive - AKA plutonic - Larger crystals (1mm or more) - Granite |
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Types of Igneous Rocks
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Felsic: feldspar, silica (granites)
Mafic: magnesium, iron (basalts) Intermediate: between granite & basalt (andesites) Ultramafic: very magnesium, iron-rich (peridotites) |
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Texture of Igneous rocks
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Texture
How big are the crystals Mixed sizes Amorphous (glass) |
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Common igneous rocks
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Granite & rhyolite (basement rock)
Basalt & gabbro Andesite & diorite Peridotite & komatiite |
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Sedimentary
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From weathering;
- Earth systems create sediments Weathering and erosion Particles, altered, or dissolved materials Transported and deposited Compaction Lithification (cemented together) |
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Facts of Sedimentary rocks
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Clastic – from particles of weathered rock
Pore space Compaction |
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Common types of Sedimentary rocks
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Conglomerate
Sandstone Shale Siltstone |
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Sedimentary rocks are Bioclastic
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Bioclastic – shell fragments
Hard-shelled marine or fresh water organisms Clams, corals, oysters, etc. Carbonate skeletons Forms calcite rocks Limestone Dolomite Coquina Chalk |
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Sedimentary Structures
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Bedding
Cross-bedding Ripple marks Mud cracks Fossils |
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Metamorphic
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From any pre-existing rock
- Rocks that have changed form Stability Temperature Pressure Chemical changes Metamorphic grade |
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Metamorphic changes
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Changes in shape and/or size of mineral grains
e.g.: Limestone changes to marble Mica grains & foliation Slaty cleavage |
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Mineralogical changes of metamorphic rocks
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- Recrystallization:
* Simple composition: sandstone (grains) to quartzite (crystals) * Mixed minerals, can reform to make new minerals e.g.: Garnets, gneiss |
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Types of metamorphism
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Contact – alongside magma intrusion
Burial – pressure from accumulating sediments atop Regional dynamothermal – heat and pressure Large system process – plate motion Slate, phyllite, schist, migmatite Hydrothermal – hot, chemical fluids Often Au, Ag, Cu, Zn |
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Rock Cycle
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a set of linked Earth systems
Linked to each other, and other systems Systems driven by sunlight, gravity, internal heat, temperature fluxes, chemistry |
