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48 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Continental drift theory
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The theory that the continents have moved (from Pangaea to current location)
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Earthquake
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When plates rub against each other
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Hot spot
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Where the mantle plume burns through to the Earth’s surface (Hawaii)
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Magma
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Molten rock beneath the Earth’s surface
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Magnetic reversal
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The North and South poles reverse
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Magnetic striping
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The alternating N-S and S-N stripes formed at a spreading center that shows the magnetic reversal of the poles
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Mantle
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A layer of the earth that is solid but behaves like liquid (between crust and outer core)
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Mid-Atlantic Ridge
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A spreading center in the Atlantic Ocean
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Paleoglaciation
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Old glaciers left evidence of old climates (ice core) and location (scratches on rocks) where they were
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Paleomagnetism
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The iron trapped in rocks aligned N-S shows the movement of the continent
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Plate tectonic theory
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The earth is made of plates that move
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Sea floor spreading
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Divergent plate boundary (mid-atlantic ridge)
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Spreading ridge
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The ridge formed when magma breaks through Earth’s surface at a spreading center
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Tectonic plates
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The plates that make up the Earth’s surface (The Continents)
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Transform fault
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A fault that is found at a transform plate boundary
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Volcano
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An opening in Earth’s surface that
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Asthenosphere
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A layer of mantle below the lithosphere
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Body waves
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Seismic waves that travel through the earth (P and S waves)
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Composite volcano
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Cone- shaped volcano
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Convergent plate boundary
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A boundary where two plates coming together
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Crust
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Outer layer of the earth
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Divergent plate boundary
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A boundary where two plates are moving apart
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Epicentre
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The point on the Earth’s surface directly above the focus
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Faults
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Breaks in rock layers – happens at transform plate boundary
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Focus
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Where an earthquake starts (inside the crust)
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Inner core
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The earth’s solid center
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Lithosphere
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Crust and upper mantle
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Magnitude
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A number
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Mantle convection
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The less dense mantle rises, and cold denser mantle falls (hot rises cold falls)
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Outer core
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The layer between the mantle and inner core of the earth
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Plate boundary
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Where two plates meet
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Primary wave
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A compressional wave – the first wave to arrive – can travel through solids and liquids - (P-wave)
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Ridge push
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New material at a ridge pushes older material away from spreading center
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Rift eruptions
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Volcanoes at spreading centers
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Rift valley
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Spreading center on a continent
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Secondary wave
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Seismic wave that moves perpendicular to wave motion - the second wave to arrive – can travel through solids only - (S-wave)
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Seismic wave
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S, p, and l waves released after an earthquake
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Seismogram
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The record of ground motion from an earthquake
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Seismology
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The study of seismic waves
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Seismometers
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A machine that measure the amount of ground motion caused by an earthquake
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Shield volcanoes
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Hot spot volcano (Hawaii)
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Slab pull
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Gravity pulling a tectonic plate into the mantle as it subducts
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Subduction
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One plate goes under another plate
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Subduction zones
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Convergent plate boundary where one plate is subducted
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Surface waves
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Seismic waves that travel along Earth’s surface – last to arrive – L-wave
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Trench
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A deep underwater valley that occurs at a subduction zone
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Volcanic belt
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A chain of volcanoes
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Volcanic island arc
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Volcanic islands (Japan)
Oceanic- oceanic convergent plate boundary |
