Ch 2 ( Earth Science )

Front 1

Minerals

Back 1

Natural, inorganic, solid, that possesses an orderly internal structure of atoms and have a definite chemical composition

Front 2

Rock

Back 2

Any natural occurring sold mass of mineral or mineral like matter

Front 3

Elements

Back 3

Basic building blocks of minerals

Front 4

Atoms

Back 4

Smallest particles of matter that have all the characteristics of an element

Front 5

The order from biggest to smallest

Back 5

Rock

Mineral

Elements

Atom

Front 6

Atomic mass

Back 6

# of protons + # of neutrons

Front 7

Nucleus

Back 7

Central part of an atom that contains protons and neutrons

Front 8

Proton

Back 8

Positive electrical charge

Front 9

Nuetron

Back 9

Neutral electrical charges (no charge)

Front 10

Energy levels or shells

Back 10

Surround the nucleus and contain electrons

Front 11

Electron

Back 11

Negative electrical charges

Front 12

Atomic #

Back 12

# of protons in the atoms nucleus

Ex: Carbon has six protons so it’s atomic number is 6

Front 13

Where does atomic mass come from

Back 13

Protons and neutrons only

Front 14

Bonding of atoms

Back 14

Forms a compound with 2 or more elements

Front 15

Ions

Back 15

Atoms that gain or lose electrons

Front 16

Types of atomic bonds

Back 16

Ionic , covalent , and metallic

Front 17

Ionic bonds

Back 17

electrons are transferred between atoms (strongest bond)

Front 18

Covalent

Back 18

A pair of electrons are shared between atoms

Front 19

Metallic bond

Back 19

Electrons move freely between atoms

Front 20

Isotopes

Back 20

When a change in the # of neutrons causing a change the atomic mass

Hint 20

Ex: Carbon with 7 neutrons instead of 6

Front 21

Physical properties of minerals (Most important)

Back 21

Habit, Luster, Color , Streak , Hardness, and Cleavage

Front 22

Physical properties of minerals (2nd best)

Back 22

Fracture and specific gravity

Front 23

Physical properties of minerals (3)

Back 23

Taste, smell, malleability, reaction to acid, magnetism, touch, and double reaction

Front 24

Habit

Back 24

Common crystal shape

Front 25

Luster

Back 25

Appearance in light

Front 26

Streak

Back 26

Color of mineral in powder form

Hint 26

Ex Using porcelain plate to see what color comes out

Front 27

Subdivisions of Luster

Back 27

Metallic Luster and Nonmetallic

Front 28

Metallic luster

Back 28

Looks like a metal in reflected light

Front 29

Nonmetallic luster

Back 29

Does not look like a metal

Front 30

Hardness

Back 30

Resistance to scratching or abrasion of the mineral

Hint 30

Ex scratching glass or using fingernail to scrach

Front 31

Mohs hardness scale

Back 31

1- talc

2- gypsum

3-Calcite

4- Fluorite

5- apatite

6- orthoclase

7- quartz

8- topaz

9-corundum

10- diamond

Front 32

Cleavage

Back 32

Tendency to break along planes of weak bonding. All parallel surfaces are part of the same cleavage

Front 33

Fracture

Back 33

Random pattern of breakage

Front 34

Specific gravity

Back 34

Mineral density as a ration relative to water whose specific gravity is one

Hint 34

Minerals with high SG will feel heavy with low SG will feel lighter

Front 35

Rock forming minerals

Back 35

Made of the following: Oxygen, silicon, aluminum, iron, calcium, potassium, and magnesium

Front 36

Which elements are most abundant in the crust

Back 36

Oxygen (46.6%) and Silicon (27.7%)

Front 37

Mineral Groups

Back 37

Rock forming silicates

Front 38

Mineral Groups

Back 38

Rock forming silicates and nonsilicate minerals

Front 39

Rock forming silicates

Back 39

Most common,

Contain the silicon-oxygen tetrahedron molecule

Front 40

Groups based upon tetrahedral arrangement

Back 40

Olivine- independent tetrahedra

Pyroxene- tetrahedra arranged in chains

Amphibole- tetrahedra arranged in double chains

Micas- tetrahedra are arranged in sheets

Feldspars and Quartz- 3D network of tetrahedra

Front 41

Micas

Back 41

2 types are biotite(dark) and muscovite(light)

Front 42

Feldspar

Back 42

Most abundant group of minerals in earths crust

Front 43

Nonsilicate minerals

Back 43

Major groups are oxides, sulfides, carbonates, halides, and native elements (gold, copper, silver)

Front 44

Carbonates

Back 44

A major rock-forming group

Found in limestone and marble rocks

Front 45

Mineral resources

Back 45

Occurrences of useful minerals that will eventually be extracted. Economic factors may change and influence a resource