Earth And Sci

Front 1

are the fields of study concerned with the solid Earth, its waters, and the air that envelops it.

Back 1

Earth Sciences

Front 2

It is made of 4.6% baryonic matter (“ordinary” matter consisting of protons, electrons, and neutrons: atoms, planets, stars, galaxies, nebulae, and other bodies), 24% cold dark matter (matter that has gravity but does not emit light), and 71.4% dark energy (a source of antigravity)

Back 2

Universe

Front 3

The Universe is made of ____ baryonic matter (“ordinary” matter consisting of protons, electrons, and neutrons: atoms, planets, stars, galaxies, nebulae, and other bodies), ____ cold dark matter (matter that has gravity but does not emit light), and ____ dark energy (a source of antigravity)

Back 3

4.6%, 24%, 71.4%

Front 4

are born within the clouds of dusts and scattered throughout most galaxies

Back 4

Stars

Front 5

is a huge collection of gas, dust, and billions of stars and their solar systems, all held together by gravity.

Back 5

Galaxy

Front 6

are made of dust and gases-mostly hydrogen and helium. The dust and gases in a nebula are very spread out, but gravity can slowly begin to pull together clumps of dust and gas.

Back 6

Nebulae

Front 7

The sun and other celestial bodies orbiting around it where formed from a nebula- a spinning cloud of gases

Back 7

Nebular Hypothesis Theory

Front 8

This says that a protosun passing through a cloud on interstellar materials pulled this material along causing it to swirl around the protosun

Back 8

Accretion Theory

Front 9

When the sun is about to form (protosun), a large body passing around it may have drawn some gaseous materials drawn from it

Back 9

Tidal Theory

Front 10

Characteristics of Earth that supports life.

Back 10

Distance of the Earth from the Sun, Importance of Earth’s Atmosphere, Importance of Ozone Layer, Water and Force of attraction

Front 11

is a natural substance consisting of aggregate minerals clumped together with other Earth materials through natural processes.

Back 11

Rocks

Front 12

Geological Classification of rocks according to characteristics of:

Back 12

Mineral and chemical composition, Permeability, The texture of the constituent particles and Particle size

Front 13

Derived from the Latin word ignis meaning “fire”. It forms by crystallization from molten or partially material called magma.

Back 13

Igneous Rocks

Front 14

molten rock material beneath the surface

Back 14

Magma

Front 15

molten rock material extruded to the surface of the Earth through a central vent (volcano) or as fissure eruption.

Back 15

Lava

Front 16

form from lava which has spilled from a volcano

Back 16

Extrusive Rocks

Front 17

form from magma that cools and crystallizes beneath the Earth’s surface.

Back 17

Intrusive Rocks

Front 18

Extrusive Rocks

Back 18

basalt, rhyolite, obsidian, pumice

Front 19

Intrusive Rocks

Back 19

granite, diorite, gabbro, peridotite

Front 20

From the root word sediments which means “remaining particles”. It forms from materials that has accumulated on the Earth’s surface. the material is made up of the products of weathering and erosion, as well as organic materials

Back 20

Sedimentary Rocks

Front 21

are composed of fragments, or clasts, of preexisting minerals and rock.

Back 21

Clastic Rocks

Front 22

from when living organisms die, pile up, and are then compressed and cemented together.

Back 22

Biological Rocks

Front 23

forms when mineral constituents in solution become supersaturated and inorganically precipitate.

Back 23

Chemical Rocks

Front 24

Clastic Rocks

Back 24

sandstone, shale and breccia

Front 25

Biological Rocks

Back 25

limestone, coal and chalk

Front 26

Chemical Rocks

Back 26

rock salt, gypsum and chert

Front 27

Meta means “change” and morph means “form”. It forms when an igneous or sedimentary rock is exposed to high pressure or high temperature or both deep below the surface of the Earth. This process produces changes in the mineralogy and texture of the rock.

Back 27

Metamorphic Rocks

Front 28

rocks do not have a platy or sheet-like structure even if they undergo high pressure or temperature.

Back 28

Non-Foliated Rocks

Front 29

are rocks that undergo foliation, this is where it forms by pressure and squeezes the flat or elongate minerals within a rock so they become aligned.

Back 29

Foliated Rocks

Front 30

Foliated Rocks

Back 30

gneiss, phyllite, schist, and slate

Front 31

Non-Foliated Rocks

Back 31

Marble,quartzite, hornfels, and novaculite

Front 32

Constant recycling of minerals

Back 32

Rock Cycle

Front 33

Make up the rocks beneath your feet, the soil that supports plants and the deep rocks of Earth’s mantle

Back 33

Minerals

Front 34

Characteristics of Minerals

Back 34

Naturally occurring, Inorganic, Homogenous solid, Definite chemical composition, Orderly crystalline structure

Front 35

atoms of minerals are arranged in an orderly and repeating pattern

Back 35

Orderly crystalline structure

Front 36

it must be product of Earth’s physical processes

Back 36

Inorganic

Front 37

minerals should have definite volume and rigid shape

Back 37

Homogeneous Solid

Front 38

represented by a chemical formula

Back 38

Definite chemical composition

Front 39

a product of Earth’s natural processes

Back 39

Naturally occurring

Front 40

Properties of Minerals

Back 40

Luster, Hardness, Color and Streak, Crystal Form, Cleavage, Fracture, Specific Gravity, Others

Front 41

is the color of the mineral in powdered form

Back 41

Streak

Front 42

most minerals have distinctive color that can be used for identification.

Back 42

Color

Front 43

it is the property of minerals that indicated how much the surface of a mineral reflects light.

Back 43

Luster

Front 44

measure of the resistance of a mineral to scratching

Back 44

Hardness

Front 45

the form reflects the supposedly internal structure of the crystal

Back 45

Crystal Form

Front 46

A mineral that does not have a crystal structure is described as _____

Back 46

amorphous

Front 47

property of some minerals to break along parallel repetitive planes of weakness to form smooth, flat surfaces.

Back 47

Cleavage

Front 48

some may not have cleavages but exhibit broken surfaces.

Back 48

Fracture

Front 49

comparison or ratio of the weight of the mineral to the weight of an equal amount of water.

Back 49

Specific gravity