Earth And Physical Science

Front 1

_____________ waves are waves of radiation that are characterized by electric and magnetic fields . Such waves are members of a spectrum, distenguished by by wavelengths ranging from very very short ( high energy) (less that a trillionth of a meter) to very LONG wavelengths ( low energy)

Back 1

Electromagnetic Waves
Page 154

Front 2

alight year is the distance light will travel in one __________ of time

Back 2

Year
Page 154

Front 3

WHich is the shortest wavelength in our spectrum: Gama or X - ray

Back 3

Gama
page 154

Front 4

Which is the shorter wavelength ? X ray or Ultraviolet

Back 4

X ray
Page 154

Front 5

Arrange from shorttest to longest wave length:Gama,infared,xray,visible,microwave,radiowave

Back 5

Gami, xray,ultraviolet,violet, visible,infrared,microwave,radio waves
Page 154

Front 6

Arrange the visible spectrum wavelengths from shortest to longest

Back 6

Red, orange,yellow,green,blue, indigo,violete
page 154

Front 7

Is violet light a longer or shorter wavelength than infrared

Back 7

shorter
Page 154

Front 8

The energy from the Sun supports almost all life on earth via ___________ , which converts carbon dioxide and water into Oxygen and sugars

Back 8

Photosynthesis
Page 154

Front 9

The amount of energy associated with an objects motion is ____________ energy

Back 9

Kinetic
Page 155

Front 10

The amount of energy stores in an object may be quantified as _____________ energy

Back 10

Potential
Page 155

Front 11

The law of _____________ of energy says that when potential energy increas kinetic energy decreases and visa versa ....energy is not lost only transfered

Back 11

Conservation
Page 155

Front 12

Kinetic energy is

KE = 1/2 MV^2
where M = mass of the object and V = velocity of the object

If velocity doubles what happens to Kinetic energy

Back 12

It increases four fold
Page 155

Front 13

True or false
Aceleration due to gravity is equal to 10 Meters / Sec^2

Back 13

True
Page 155

Front 14

Suppose an object has a total energy of 100 joules when held at a height of 10 m. If the object is then released how much kinetic energy and potential energy will the object have at 2 meters

Back 14

The original potential energy equation would be
100 = Mx10x10 therefore M=1
The new PE at 2 meters would be PE= 1x10x2 or 20 Joules therefore due to conservation of energy the kinetic energy will be 80 joules at 2 meters

Front 15

_________ is anything that takes up space and has mass

Back 15

Matter
page 156

Front 16

________ is the QUANTITY of matter an object has

Back 16

Mass
Page 156

Front 17

Substances that can not be broken into simpilar types of matter are called _________

Back 17

Elements
Page 156

Front 18

An ________ is the smallest part of an element that still retains all the properties of the element

Back 18

Atom
Page 156

Front 19

___________ are positively charged sub atominc particles found in an atoms nucleus

Back 19

Protons
Page 156

Front 20

The number of ________ in the nucleus of an atom determines what element the atom is

Back 20

Protons
Pg 156

Front 21

The Atomic number of an element is equal to the number of _________ in the elements nucleus

Back 21

Protons
Pg 156

Front 22

_________ are Neutral sub-atomic particles found in the NUCLEUS of the atom

Back 22

Neutrons
Pg 156

Front 23

________ are negatively charged sub atomic particles found in various energy levels ( shells) around the nucleus

Back 23

electrons
Pg 156

Front 24

An atoms charge is uniqually identified by it proton and electron count ...neutrons are neutral and do not contribute to the charge.....as long as each protons charge (+1) is offset by an electrons charge (-1) the net charge is zero. The periodic table lists elements in the ground state .... therefore Oxygen with 8 protons has ________ electrons ?

Back 24

8
Page 156

Front 25

An change in the numebr of electrons an atom has produces a charged atome called an ________

Back 25

Isotope
Page 156

Front 26

The ________is the total number of protons and neutrons in the atom

Back 26

Mass number
Number 156

Front 27

Atomic mass is the average mass of all the KNOWN ________ of an element

Back 27

Isotopes
Number 156

Front 28

Use the periodic table on page 155 figure 3.16 to answer this question

How many protons would a positively charged isotope ion of O-18 have? How many protons would a negatively charged isotope ion of C-14 have?

Back 28

8 and 6 The proton count does not change ...if it did then the element would change
Pg 158

Front 29

Catalysts increase chemical reaction rates by lowering the _________ energy

Back 29

Activization
Pg 159

Front 30

Catalysts increase reaction rates by lowering __________ energy

Back 30

Activation energy
p 159

Front 31

The general catalytic reaction has how many steps

Back 31

4
page 159

Front 32

In the catalytic process The catalyst (C) generates a product (Z) from the reactants (x and y) In the end the Catalyst will be available with the product to start the process anew order the following steps in the catalytic process: XYC = CZ , CZ = C + Z, X+C=XC, Y + XC = XYC

Back 32

X + C = XC
XC + Y = XYC
XYC = CZ
CZ = C + Z
Page 159

Front 33

True or false

Rows (periods) on the periodic table run horizontal

Back 33

True
Page 160

Front 34

True or false
Each row (period) displays elements according to the increasing number of orbital shells ... an element in period (row) 2 would have how many orbital shells

Back 34

True , 2 orbital shells
Page 160

Front 35

The number of electrons increases across the period from left to right ... this causes the number of protons to increase ...more protons means more nuclear charge ...this will cause the radius of the atom to DECREASE as the protons pull the orbits tighter ... which element has the smaller atomic radius ... Oxygen ( atomic number 8) or Carbor ( atomic number 6)

Back 35

Oxygen would have the smaller radius
page 160

Front 36

Moving Down a group (column) on the periodic table, the number of electrons and filled electron SHELLs increase ....but the number of _________ electrons remains the same

Back 36

Valence
page 160

Front 37

The electrons in the outermost shell of the atom are called ________ electrons

Back 37

Valence
Page 160

Front 38

As you go DOWN a group the valence electron count remains the same BUT the number of filled orbits and nuumber of electrons increase ... therefore the valence electrons are further from the protons ( the atom has a GREATER radius) Which element has the larger atomic radius Bromine or Flourine

Back 38

Bromine
Pg 160

Front 39

The ______ energy is the energy required to remove an electron from an atom

Back 39

Ionization energy
pg 160

Front 40

Ionization energies ___________ as you move left to right across a period

Back 40

increase
page 160

Front 41

True or false
Ionization energy increases with smaller atomic radius

Back 41

True
Page 160

Front 42

Which gaseous element would have a smaller ionization energy ... Bromine or flourine?

Back 42

Bromine ... due to bromines larger atomic radius
Page 160

Front 43

_______ is a measure of an atoms attraction on electrons in a chemical bond

Back 43

electronegativity

Front 44

Elements that have low ionization energies have low electronegativity because of the weak pull on the ________

Back 44

electrons