Early And Late Radiation Effects

Front 1

What type of effects occur following a high radiation dose given over a short period of time

Back 1

Eary Effects

Front 2

Biologic damage from radiation exposure

Back 2

Somatic Effects

Front 3

An increase in dose results in an increase in the SEVERITY of the effect

Back 3

Nonstochastic (Deterministic)

Front 4

Name the 2 Acute Radiation Syndromes

Back 4

Hematopoietic; Gastrointestinal; Cerebrovascular

Front 5

This stage of ARS occurs within hours of exposure to !Gy or more

Back 5

Prodromal

Front 6

This state of ARS lasts for about 1 week and the person exposed has no symptoms

Back 6

Latent

Front 7

If a dose of radiation is too low to cause death, it is said to be _____________

Back 7

Sublethal

Front 8

Humans can recover from doses of _______Gy

Back 8

2-3 Gy

Front 9

Doses of ________ are considered to be superlethal

Back 9

6-10

Front 10

This Manifest Illness of ARS occurs at doses of 1-10 Gy

Back 10

Hematopoietic

Front 11

A bone marrow transplant may be a possible treatment for this Acute Radiation Syndrom

Back 11

Hematopoietic

Front 12

This ARS manifest illness can cause death due to infections and GI tract damage

Back 12

Gastrointestinal

Front 13

The Gastrointestinal Syndrome results from doses of:

Back 13

6-10 Gy

Front 14

For the Cerebrovascular Syndrome can result in death within ____________

Back 14

hours-3 days

Front 15

Death can occur within 6-8 weeks from this ARS

Back 15

Hematopoietic

Front 16

Without medical treatment, death will occur in __________ with the Gastrointestinal Syndrome

Back 16

3-10 days

Front 17

This ARS occurs at does of 50Gy+

Back 17

Cerebrovascular Syndrome

Front 18

The LD 50/30 for humans is thought to be _____Gy

Back 18

3-4

Front 19

What is it called if a dose is lethal to 100% of the population within 60 days?

Back 19

LD 100/60

Front 20

Approximately _______% of all radiation damage is repairable.

Back 20

90

Front 21

This is a shrinking of organs and tissues

Back 21

atrophy

Front 22

this is death of the organ, tissues or structures

Back 22

necrosis

Front 23

reddening of the skin

Back 23

erythema

Front 24

loss of hair

Back 24

epilation

Front 25

sloughing off of skin

Back 25

desquamation

Front 26

Doses of ___________ can cause temporary sterility

Back 26

2Gy

Front 27

Doses of ___________ can cause permanent sterility

Back 27

5-6 Gy

Front 28

This blood cell carries oxygen

Back 28

erythrocytes

Front 29

This is the most radiosensitive blood cell

Back 29

lymphocytes

Front 30

This blood cell is responsible for clotting

Back 30

thrombocytes (platelets)

Front 31

The study of cell genetics with emphasis on cell chromosomes

Back 31

Cytogenetics

Front 32

Chromosome map

Back 32

Karyotype

Front 33

Chromosome damage is first visible during __________

Back 33

metaphase

Front 34

Most chromosome damage is from (direct/indirect) effects

Back 34

Indirect

Front 35

Have there been chromosome abnormalities seen or studied from diagnostic levels of radiation?

Back 35

NO

Front 36

The study of the incidence, distribution and control of disease in a population

Back 36

Epidemiology

Front 37

When the effect or response to radiation is directly related to the dose received

Back 37

linear dose response relationship

Front 38

This assumes there is not safe dose

Back 38

nonthreshold

Front 39

Most cancer follows this type of dose response curve

Back 39

linear nonthreshold

Front 40

Leukemia and breast CA follow this type of dose response curve

Back 40

linear quadratic

Front 41

These effects from radiation are randomly occurring and the increase in dose results in an increase in the CHANCE for them to occur

Back 41

Late Stochastic (Probabilistic) effects

Front 42

Late effects can occur from (high/low) doses and can be (whole body/partial body)

Back 42

low OR high; whole OR partial

Front 43

Embryologic effects are an example of___________ effects

Back 43

stochastic

Front 44

What are the 3 major types of late somatic effects?

Back 44

Carcinogenesis, Embryiologic effects and Cataractogenesis

Front 45

This predicts the excess # of cancers

Back 45

Absolute risk

Front 46

This predicts % increase (relative to natural trends)

Back 46

Relative risk

Front 47

What is the most important late stochastic somatic effects caused by exposure to ionizing radiation?

Back 47

Cancer

Front 48

A dose of __________Gy can result in cataracts

Back 48

2Gy

Front 49

When is the fetus the most sensitive to radiation?

Back 49

first trimester

Front 50

What dose is safe for the gonads?

Back 50

NONE