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25 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What happens in the oral preparatory phase?
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Food is placed in the mouth and is first masticated.
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What is formed by chewing your food?
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A bolus
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What do disorders of the oral preparatory phase include?
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Problems with chewing food b/c of reduced range of lateral and vertical tongue movement, reduced range of mandibular movement, reduced buccal tension, poor alignment of the mandible and maxilla.
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What stage does a disorder with difficulty in forming and holding the bolus?
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Oral preparatory stage
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What is the oral phase?
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Begins with the anterior-to-posterior tongue action that moves the bolus posteriorly (toward the back of the mouth).
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When does the oral phase end?
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As the bolus passes through the anterior faucial arches when the swallowing reflex is initiated.
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What is piecemeal swallow?
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attempts at swallowing abnormally small amounts of the bolus
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What is the pharyngeal stage?
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Consists of reflex actions of the swallow.
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How are reflexes of the pharyngeal stage triggered?
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When food makes contact with the faucial pillars
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What does the pharyngeal phase involve?
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Velopharyngeal closure, laryngeal closure by an elevated larynx to seal the airway, relfexive relaxtion of the cricopharyngeal muscle for the bolus to enter, and reflexive contractions of the pharyngeal contractors to move the bolus down and eventually into the esophogus
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What is one disorder of the pharyngeal phase?
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Difficulties in propelling the bolus through the pharynx and into the PE segment; delayed or absent swallowing reflex; nasal and airway penetration of food
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What is one disorder of the pharyngeal phase?
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Food coating on the pharyngeal walls; food residue in the vallculae, on top of the airway, in pyriform sinuses, and throughout the pharynx; delayed pharyngeal transit; reduced pharyngeal peristalsis, or the constricting or relaxing movements of the pharynx; pharyngeal paralysis
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What is one disorder of the pharyngeal phase?
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Inadequate closure of the airway; aspiration before and after swallow
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What is one disorder of the pharyngeal phase?
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Reduced movement of the base of the tongue; reduced laryngeal movement, cricopharyngeal dysfunctions
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Is the esophageal stage under voluntary control?
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No
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When does the esophageal stage begin?
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When the food arrives at the orifice of the esophagus; food is propelled through the esophagus by peristaltic actions and gravity and into the stomach
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What does bolus entry into the esophagus result in?
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Restored breathing and a depressed larynx and soft palate
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What is one disorder of the esophageal stage?
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Difficulty passing the bolus through the cricopharyngeus muscle and past the 7th cervical vertebrae
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What is one disorder of the esophageal stage?
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Backflow of food from esophagus to pharynx; reduced esophageal contractions (due to surgery, neurologic damage, or radiation therapy)
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What is one disorder of the esophageal stage?
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Formation of diverticulum (a pouch the collects food; development of tracheoesophageal fistula (a hole); esophageal obstruction
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What is one disorder of the oral stage?
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Anterior, instead of posterior, tongue movement and generally weak tongue movement; reduced range of tongue movement and elevation; tongue thrust; reduced labial, buccal, and tongue tension and strength
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What is one disorder of the oral stage?
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Food residue in various places suggesting incomplete swallow
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What is one disorder of the oral stage?
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Premature swallow of solid and liquid food and aspiration before swallow, caused by apraxia of swallow
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What is one disorder the the oral preparatory stage of swallow?
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Difficulty in forming and holding the bolus, slippage of food into the anterior and lateral sulcus, aspiration before swallow due to mostly weak closure, reduced tongue movement, and inadequate tongue and buccal tension
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Treatment for dysphagia can be which of the following?
A. Direct B. Indirect C. Medical D. A combination of A, B, C E. None of the Above |
D
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