Dsci 245 Chapter 2

Front 1

Ungrouped Data

Back 1

raw data

Front 2

Frequency Distribution

Back 2

summary of data presented in the form of class intervals and frequencies

Front 3

Classes

Back 3

Should be between 5 and 15

Front 4

Class Width

Back 4

range divided by # of classes, round to convenient number

Front 5

Relative Frequency

Back 5

class interval divided by total frequency

Front 6

Cumulative Frequency

Back 6

adding previous frequencies with new class midpoint

Front 7

Histogram

Back 7

vertical bar chart of frequencies

Front 8

Frequency Polygon

Back 8

line graph of frequencies

Front 9

Ogive

Back 9

line graph of cumulative frequencies

Front 10

Pie Charts

Back 10

proportional representation for categories of a whole

Front 11

Steps in Frequency Distribution

Back 11

1. determine the range of frequencies
2.determine the number of classes
3.determine the width of the class interval

Front 12

Tables

Back 12

are the simplest form of a data display

Front 13

Why tables are effective???

Back 13

simple, guide eye towards desired comparison

Front 14

Univariate Data

Back 14

a set of n observations on 1 variable

Front 15

Dot Plot

Back 15

scale w/dots, range of data shows dispersion, clustering shows central tendency

Front 16

Stacked Dot Plot

Back 16

compares 2 or more groups using common x-axis

Front 17

Frequency Distribution

Back 17

find highest and lowest numbers

Front 18

Bin Limits

Back 18

Define the values to be included in each bin, widths must all be the same

Front 19

Frequencies (bin)

Back 19

are the # of observation with in each bin, Herbert Sturges proposes that 5 to 15 bins in Histograms

Front 20

Histogram

Back 20

is a graphical representation of a frequency distribution

Front 21

Modal Class

Back 21

A histogram bar that is higher than those on any one side

Front 22

Unimodal

Back 22

a single modal class

Front 23

Bimodal

Back 23

two modal classes

Front 24

Multimodal

Back 24

more than two modal classes

Front 25

Skewness

Back 25

indicated by the direction of the longer tail of the histogram

Front 26

Tips for Effective Frequency Distribution

Back 26

1. Check sturges rule
2. Choice a nice bin width round
3. Bin Limits that are multiple of bin width
4. Make sure range is covered

Front 27

Simple Line Charts

Back 27

used to display a time series

Front 28

Two-Scale Line Chart

Back 28

used to compare variables that differ in magnitude or are measured in different units

Front 29

Grid Graphs

Back 29

A line graph that usually has no vertical grid lines

Front 30

Log Scale: Arithmetic

Back 30

distances on y-axis are proportional to the magnitude of the variable being desplayed

Front 31

Log Scale: Logarithmetic

Back 31

(ratio scale) equal distances represent equal ratios

Front 32

Log Scale

Back 32

use for the vertical axis when data varies over a wide range. by more than an order of magnitude

Front 33

Plain Bar Charts

Back 33

Most common way to display attribute data, length of bars represent frequencies

Front 34

Edward Tutle

Back 34

Book Graphs

Front 35

Pareto Chart

Back 35

Special type of bar chart use din quality management to display the frequency of defects and errors of different types , descending frequency order

Front 36

Stacked Bar Chart

Back 36

Bar height of several subtotals. Areas may be compared by color to show patterns in the subgroups and total.