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35 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are these four basic components of?
1. inspection 2. palpation 3. percussion 4. auscultation |
physical exam
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The initial exam is most often performed by_________ and it assists in making a _______?
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physician
diagnosis |
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Examining the facial expression provided cues as to the patients _______ _______?
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mental status
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What is a sign of labored breathing?
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nasal flaring
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what is it called when the lips and tongue show signs of inadequate oxygenation of the blood?
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cyanosis
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This is a sign of stress and common in patients having myocardial infarction?
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diaphoresis
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This is tested by shinning a light into the patients eyes?
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pupillary reflexes
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the pupils are measured using an acroynm called PERRLA what does it stand for?
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Pupils, Equal, Round, Reactive to Light, and Accomodation
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what is the drooping of the eyelids called?
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ptosis
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what is the ptosis a sign of?
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neuromuscular disease (myasthenia gravis)
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What are the 3 things you should inspect for when examining the neck?
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1. assess for JVD
2. assess for tracheal positon 3. palpate for lympphadenopathy: this could occur with infection or malignancy |
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what is JVD a sign of?
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right heart failure
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What is it called when there is an abnormal A-P curvature of the spine?
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Kyphosis
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T/F
Scoliosis is an abnormal lateral curvature of the spine? |
True
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T/F:
Rapid shallow breathing is consistant with obstructive lung disease? |
False; restrictive lung disease
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A prolonged expiratory time is consistent with ___________ airway obstruction?
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intrathoracic
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A prolonged inspiratory time is consistent with ______ airway obstruction?
upper or lower |
upper
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Use of the accessory muscles indicates an increase in the ____ __ ________?
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work of breathing
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This occurs when the diaphragm fatigues and the abdomen sinks inward with each inspiratory effort?
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abdominal paradox
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This occurs with diaphragm fatigue and is seen as alternating between breathing only with the chest muscles and only breathing with the diaphram?
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respiratory alternans
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what is it when you ask the patient to repeat the words "ninety-nine" while you palpate over the chest in a systemic manner?
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vocal fremitus
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vocal fremitus is _________ with pneumonia and atelectasis and _________ with emphysema and pneumothorax?
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increased
decreased |
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Why might one side of the chest expand only?
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atelectasis, pneumonia, or a lung tumor is present
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T/F
With emphysema both sides of the chest may expand poorly? |
True
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Chest auscultation is performed with a ________?
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stethoscope
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The ___________ is most often used to auscultate lung sounds?
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diaphragm
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During auscultation you start at the _______ of the lungs and work your way ________?
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base; up toward the apices
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These breath sounds are loud, highly pitched and heard directly over the trachea with an equal inspiratory and expiratory component?
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tracheal breath sounds
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Sodt, low-pitched sounds heard over normal lung parynchyma; have a minimal expiratory componant are _____?
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normal (vesicular) breath sounds
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discontinuous ALS heard most often on inspiration?
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crackles
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continuous ALS heard most often on exhalation?
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wheezes
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monophonic, high-pitched wheeze heard over the upper airway in croup or epiglottitis?
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stridor
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What is a serious sign of chronic cardiopulmonary disease?
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digital clubbing
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what cyanosis is consistant with poor circulation?
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peripheral cyanosis
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this may be a sign of heart failure; chronic right heart failure is common in COPD patients with cor pulmonale?
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pedal edema
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