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53 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Antacids |
Drugs that neutralize the acids produced by the stomach. |
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Cytoprotective drugs |
Drugs that decrease the acid content of the stomach by coating the stomach mucosa and reducing the risk for developing ulcers. |
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Duodenal Ulcer |
An open sore(ulcer) in the lining of the first part of the small intestine (duodenum). |
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Esophageal Ulcer |
An open sore (ulcer) in the lining of the esophagus corroded by the acidic digestive juices secreted by the stomach. |
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Gastric Ulcer |
An open sore (ulcer) in the lining of the esophagus corroded by the acidic digestive juices secreted by the stomach. |
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Gastric Ulcer |
An open sore (ulcer) in the stomach lining. |
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Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD) |
Esophageal irritation or inflammation often caused by stomach acid that backs up into the esophagus. |
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Histamine H2 Blockers |
Drugs that treat the gastric effects of histamine in cases of peptic ulcers, gastritis, and GERD by blocking the effects of histamine on the receptor site known as H2. |
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Peptic Ulcer Disease (PUD) |
An open sore in the lining of the stomach or duodenum. |
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Proton Pump Inhibitor (PPI) |
A drug that blocks acid secretion in the stomach. |
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GI Ulcer |
10% develop |
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Helicobacter pylori |
Causes peptic ulcer in 80-90%. About 20 to 30% of patients in the US are infected with this |
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Factors in development of peptic ulcer |
Alcohol Caffeine Helicobacter pylori NSAID Smoking Stress |
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Gastric Ulcer Pathophysiology |
The mucosa breaks down and an open sore develops |
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What does bleeding into stomach indicate? |
Dark Tarry Stool |
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Signs that indicate an ulcer is getting worse |
Blood Stool Vomiting Feeling weak or dizzy Pain Bleeding into peritoneum from perforation, peritonitis- can lead to death |
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What has several published observational studies suggest about PPI therapy? |
PPI therapy may be associated with an increased risk for osteoporosis related fractures of the hip, wrist, or spine. |
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What do antacids use? |
Most antacids use slays of calcium, aluminum or Magnesium to neutralize acid. |
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Most common side effect of Calcium or Aluminum salts |
Constipation |
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Most common side effect of Magnesium salts |
Diarrhea |
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Are antacids safe for use during pregnancy? |
Yes |
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Alka-seltzer |
Sodium containing antacids such as Alka-Seltzer increase sodium and water retention and can cause an increase in the workload of the heart - heart failure |
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Most common symptom of GERD |
Dyspepsia (heartburn) |
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Lower Esophageal Sphincter (LES) |
Stays tightly shut except when food or liquids pass into the stomach. |
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Drugs that suppress gastric acid secretion |
M receptor antagonists H2 receptor antagonists Gastrin receptor antagonists Antacids |
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Duration of H2 receptor Antagonists |
Duration of action 10-12 hours |
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When is H2 Receptor Antagonists effective |
Effective within 30 minutes if given IV, and witching 1 hour if given PO |
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How many hours of acid suppression does PPI provide? |
24-48 hours |
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What happens when the PPI drug irreversibly inactivated the H+, K+ ATPse molecules (proton pump)? |
It takes 24 hours to regenerate new pumps to insert into the luminal membrane of the stomach. |
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Antisecretory effect of omeprazole |
Occurs within one hour, with the maximum effect occurring within two hours, inhibition of secretion is about 50% of maximum at 24 hours. |
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Long use of PPI |
Long term use may lead to stomach infections because of the decreased stomach acids that help to kill bacteria. Have also been implicated in hospital acquired pneumonia. |
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Signs that indicate an ulcer is getting worse |
Blood Stool Vomiting Feeling weak or dizzy Pain Bleeding into peritoneum from perforation, peritonitis- can lead to death |
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What has several published observational studies suggest about PPI therapy? |
PPI therapy may be associated with an increased risk for osteoporosis related fractures of the hip, wrist, or spine. |
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What do antacids use? |
Most antacids use slays of calcium, aluminum or Magnesium to neutralize acid. |
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Most common side effect of Calcium or Aluminum salts |
Constipation |
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Most common side effect of Magnesium salts |
Diarrhea |
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Are antacids safe for use during pregnancy? |
Yes |
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Alka-seltzer |
Sodium containing antacids such as Alka-Seltzer increase sodium and water retention and can cause an increase in the workload of the heart - heart failure |
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What can aluminum containing antacids do? |
Can worsen Alzheimer’s disease |
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Sucralfate (Carafate) |
Prescribed to protect open sore areas in the GI tract and allow ulcers to heal. |
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Cytoprotective drugs |
Sucralfate (Carafate) Pepto-Bismol |
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Promotility Drugs |
Increase LES tone and speed of emptying food out of the stomach Metoclopramide (Reglan) |
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Most common symptom of GERD |
Dyspepsia (heartburn) |
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When are promotility drugs given? |
Usually given 30 minutes before meals and may be prescribed for 4 to 12 weeks. |
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Metoclopramide (Reglan) |
Increases stomach and small intestine contractions (peristalsis) helping to move food through the GI tract |
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Lower Esophageal Sphincter (LES) |
Stays tightly shut except when food or liquids pass into the stomach. |
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Drugs that suppress gastric acid secretion |
M receptor antagonists H2 receptor antagonists Gastrin receptor antagonists Antacids |
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Duration of H2 receptor Antagonists |
Duration of action 10-12 hours |
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When is H2 Receptor Antagonists effective |
Effective within 30 minutes if given IV, and witching 1 hour if given PO |
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How many hours of acid suppression does PPI provide? |
24-48 hours |
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What happens when the PPI drug irreversibly inactivated the H+, K+ ATPse molecules (proton pump)? |
It takes 24 hours to regenerate new pumps to insert into the luminal membrane of the stomach. |
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Antisecretory effect of omeprazole |
Occurs within one hour, with the maximum effect occurring within two hours, inhibition of secretion is about 50% of maximum at 24 hours. |
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Long use of PPI |
Long term use may lead to stomach infections because of the decreased stomach acids that help to kill bacteria. Have also been implicated in hospital acquired pneumonia. |
