Drugs For Final

Front 1

tamoxifen

Back 1

interferes with estrogen receptors

Front 2

statins

Back 2

- lower cholesterol levels by inhibiting HMG CoA reductase
- competitive inhibitor
- lead also to reduction in synthesis of dolichol (N-glycosylation) and CoQ (ETC)

Front 3

plant stannous and sterols

Back 3

- hypercholesterolemia treatment
- displace cholesterol from micelles

Front 4

Ezetimibe

Back 4

- hypercholesterolemia treatment
- blocks a transporter protein and reduces cholesterol absorption

Front 5

cholestyramine

Back 5

- bile acid sequestrate
- hypercholesterolemia treatment
- blocks enterohepatic uptake of bile acids

Front 6

Neomycin

Back 6

- antibiotic that causes a reduction in bacterial urease in the gut

Front 7

methotrexate and trimethoprim

Back 7

- competitively inhibits dihydrofolate reductase thus preventing purine and pyrimidine biosynthesis
- kills blast cells and causes macrocytic anemia

Front 8

sulfa drugs (sulfanilamide)

Back 8

- competitively inhibits folic acid synthesis in prokaryotes from PABA
- analogue of PABA

Front 9

Allopurinol

Back 9

- inhibits Xanthine oxidase resulting in an accumulation of hypoxanthine and xanthine compounds which are more soluble than uric acid
- is used to treat gout

Front 10

5-fluorouracil

Back 10

- anti-cancer drug
- incorporates into RNA which is more detrimental to cancer cells than to normal cells
- it also inhibits thymidilate synthase but evenly in cancer and normal cells
- by also giving this with thymidine all the cells have enough thymidine and only the cancer cells are negatively affected by having the 5-fluorouracil in their RNA

Front 11

Mycophenolic Acid

Back 11

- reversible noncompetitive inhibitor of IMP dehydrogenase (no GMP)
- the drug deprives rapidly proliferating T and B cells of key components of nucleic acids
- the drug is used to prevent graft rejection

Front 12

salicylates, sulfonamides

Back 12

- displace bilirubin from albumin
- free unconjugated bilirubin can cross blood brain barrier to cause kernicterus in children

Front 13

Disulfiram (antabuse)

Back 13

- inhibition of acetaldehyde dehydrogenase by disulfiram is used for treatment of alcoholism
- makes the ingestion of alcohol less desirable because when one intakes alcohol on this drug they get flushing and nausea

Front 14

Fomepizole

Back 14

- used to combat methanol poisoning by acting as a competitor with the enzyme alcohol dehydrogenase

Front 15

Warfarin

Back 15

- oral anticoagulant
- blocks epoxide reductase in liver and prevents the regeneration of the active form of vitamin K

Front 16

benzodiazepines

Back 16

- example valium
- binds to the GABA receptor - potentiates (enhances) GABA --> reduced anxiety
- used to treat epilepsy

Front 17

sibutramine

Back 17

- an appetite suppressant (increases fullness - a feeling of satiety)

Front 18

orlistat

Back 18

- gastric & pancreatic lipase inhibitor, inhibits the digestion of dietary fats (TAG's) and therefore reduces dietary TAG absorption

Front 19

sulfonylurea

Back 19

- increases insulin secretion from pancreas

Front 20

metformin

Back 20

- decreases glucose output of liver, and increases glucose utilization by muscle (improves insulin resistance)

Front 21

asparaginase

Back 21

- enzyme that dominates asparagine
- used to treat leukemia patients
- reduced availability of asparagine to the tumor cells inhibits growth of the cancer

Front 22

hydroxyurea

Back 22

- reduction of production of deoxyribonucleotides via inhibition of the enzyme ribonucleotide reductase
- used to treat sickle cell anemia and HIV

Front 23

trimethoprim

Back 23

- inhibits THF synthesis in prokaryotes

Front 24

N-acetyl-cysteine (acetadote)

Back 24

- treatment of acetaminophen poisoning
- directly binds NAPQ1 and it also provides cysteine for glutathione synthesis