Drugs And Society: Exam 1

Front 1

America represents ___% of the world's population and ____% of the world's cocaine.

Back 1

5%
50%

Front 2

Drug use is _____ ________.

Back 2

cultural universal

Front 3

What purpose do drugs serve?

Back 3

Medicine, recreational, healing, Shaman, for religious purposes, spiritual reasons, rites of passage for adolescents in maturing, punishment for children who are bad, witches (potions containing frogs, which release hallucinogens, to control people), Vikings called Bezerkers would go so crazy that they would intimidate their opponents.

Front 4

The 1800's was known as what?

Back 4

A Dope-Fiend’s Paradise

Front 5

What is notable about the 1800's?

Back 5

-Drug use was widely used and widely tolerated.
-Opium (cheap, easily available, and legal), Laudnum (liquid Opium)
-Coca-Cola
-Women were regularly prescribed morphine for nymphomania and menstrual cramps.
-Hemp.
-Coffee
-Cigarettes

Front 6

The 1900's was known as what?

Back 6

An Era of Drug Regulation

Front 7

When did people begin to see the dangers of drugs?

Back 7

1900's

Front 8

What started all of our drug laws and why?

Back 8

immigration
-economic competition

Front 9

What was the first drug act?

Back 9

-Legislation against smoking opium

Front 10

What said you have to be a doctor to prescribe narcotics and tax it. Immigrants had no way of paying for prescriptions, considered violating the tax code, and then could arrest them?

Back 10

Harrison Narcotics act of 1913

Front 11

What was caused by.. The Irish, Italians, and Europeans were heavy drinkers. Americans didn’t like them because they thought they were taking jobs from us. Reducing alcohol at first but then it went back up. It made it worse; people were making more potent alcohol. This introduced the Mafia and the black market into the American society?

Back 11

1920: Prohibition lasted 13 years.

Front 12

What was caused because Mexicans smoked marijuana. Texas and California were the first states to adopt this?

Back 12

1937: The Marijuana Tax Act.

Front 13

What was caused because Many were using drugs as a political statement. Marijuana and LSD were popular at that time because they wanted to challenge the power structure and see the world in a different way?

Back 13

1960’s: Counter-culture, women’s rights, assassination, Woodstock,

Front 14

1970: war on drugs declared by Richard Nixon and was ushered in with the ________ ____ __.

Back 14

Controlled Substances Act.

Front 15

What act changed all the legislation in the way it never had before by creating a drug schedule containing 5 classes depending on which drug was where, on potential harm?

Back 15

controlled substance act

Front 16

Explain/give examples of each level in the controlled substance act

Back 16

Level 1: the most dangerous drugs with no medicinal value.
(Heroin, LSD, crack)
Level 2: dangerous with some medicinal value. (Morphine)
Level 3: barbituates, steroids
Level 4: valium
Level 5: cough medicine, codeine

Front 17

What made drugs criminal with a serious crime and serious punishment?

Back 17

1970: moved from treasure dept. to criminal department

Front 18

What was created by Nancy Reagan, (actually made kids more inclined to drug use); rebellion also caused kids to use more drugs?

Back 18

1980’s: D.A.R.E. Just say NO to drugs.

Front 19

What made Mandatory minimums, three strikes and you’re out. Number of people in prison went up significantly. The U.S. has a very punitive policy. Drug policy has not been driven by research; it has been driven by racism?

Back 19

1988: Anti-Drug use act of 1988.

Front 20

Name 5 drug acts

Back 20

The Harrison Narcotics Act of 1914
The Eighteenth Amendment and the Volstead Act of 1912-1920
The Marijuana Tax Act of 1937
The Controlled Substances Act on 1970
The Anti-Drug Abuse Act of 1988

Front 21

___% of the US population has used Marijuana in the last month.

Back 21

7%

Front 22

___% of the US population has had alcohol in the past month.

Back 22

52%

Front 23

___%of the US population has binge drink in the last month.

Back 23

24%

Front 24

___% of the US population has had a cigarette in the last month.

Back 24

23%

Front 25

______% of the US population has used any other illegal drug (besides marijuana) in the last month.

Back 25

0.0-3.0%

Front 26

The drug use rates are _____ than they were 40 years ago.

Back 26

lower

Front 27

What is the greatest predictor of drug use?

Back 27

age

Front 28

Women binge drink to...

Back 28

: look cool in front of men and to be more confident (not much progress in the women’s movement)
-when women wanted equality, marketers tapped into that

Front 29

What raises alcohol content?

Back 29

sodium

Front 30

Women who are former addicts are _____ likely to get married than men.

Back 30

less

Front 31

If married: women ____ likely to stay with men and men are ___likely to stay with women.

Back 31

more
not

Front 32

Minorities ____ ____ use more than majority.

Back 32

do not

Front 33

______ ______ teens have very low rates of drug use

Back 33

African American

Front 34

What is caused because... reason: money-when you have it…
-the idea of not adhering to stereotypes, must avoid if wanting to succeed?

Back 34

Age Race Cross Over Effect:

Front 35

What happens to african americans at age 35?

Back 35

they switch to having higher drug use rates than whites

Front 36

Why is social class important to consider in drug use?

Back 36

Different classes use different drugs

Front 37

Why are occupations important to consider in drug use?

Back 37

construction, truck drivers, entertainment industry, doctors (access, power, high stress, pressure), athletes

Front 38

Comparing rates from US to other countries:_____ rates from smoking and alcoholism and ____ rates for other drugs.

Back 38

higher rates
lowering rates

Front 39

______ has the most lenient drug laws of all.

Back 39

Portugal

Front 40

White people use more because…

Back 40

1. Money
2. Not wanting to adhere to stereotypes

Front 41

1. Stanton Peele in Hungry for the Next Fox argues:

Back 41

Addiction is not a disease

Front 42

2. In Peele’s article he notes that the National Institute of Drug Abuse (NIDA):

Back 42

Favors the disease model of addiction

Front 43

3. The disease model is supported by:

Back 43

Alcoholics Anonymous

Front 44

4. Peele references which if the following in his article?

Back 44

The high rates of recovery of Vietnam vets who became addicted to drugs during the war, the ineffectiveness of Naltrexone (a drug that is designed to block addiction), That brain scans of alcoholics might look similar to those of compulsive shoppers, eaters, and gamblers. (All of the above)

Front 45

5. Stocker (Finding the Future Alcoholic) suggests that the alcoholic’s brain is hypersensitive to stress and that he/she uses alcohol to calm down. This hypersensitivity is due to:

Back 45

Could be produced by either genetics of the environment

Front 46

6. Bagley, How it All Starts Inside Your Brain, emphasizes:

Back 46

How drug use changes the brain reducing the ability to feel pleasure from ordinary activities.

Front 47

7. Legrand, Iacono, McGue, in Predicting Addiction, reveal that:

Back 47

Addiction risk (to some extent) is inherited but not specific

Front 48

8. Legrand, Iacono, McGue, in Predicting Addition, reveal that addiction can be predicted by:

Back 48

The amount of alcohol the father consumes, a genetic marker called P300, if people try alcohol before age 15. (all of the above)

Front 49

9. Legrand, Iacono, McGue, in Predicting Addition, suggest that the contribution of genetics and environment to addiction is likely:

Back 49

50% (genetics)/ 50% (environment)

Front 50

10. Viewing the articles together, we see that it is questionable whether the environment plays a role in addiction. There are many people who can persuasively argue that environment plays no role.
True or False?

Back 50

False

Front 51

11. Viewing the articles together, we see that intergenerational transmission of addiction is controversial. There are many people who can persuasively argue that there is no correlation between whether a parent is an alcoholic and the risk that the child will become an alcoholic.
True or False

Back 51

False

Front 52

12. Is addiction a disease?

Back 52

True and False. The issue is controversial. (this is a trick question)

Front 53

What says that there are multiple influences to addiction?

Back 53

Biopsychosocial Model of Addiction

Front 54

At the moment, ________is having the largest effect; part of that being the pharmaceutical industry.

Back 54

biology

Front 55

Biology causes from drug use/abuse have strong evidence from_____ _____.

Back 55

twin studies

Front 56

The amount of alcohol the _____ consumes affects drug use/abuse.

Back 56

father

Front 57

The Genetic marker called ____ affects drug use/abuse.

Back 57

P300

Front 58

Trying alcohol before age ___ affects drug use/abuse.

Back 58

15

Front 59

Name Physiological factors that affect drug use/abuse.

Back 59

undiagnosed mood disorders, depression, anxiety, bipolar.

Front 60

Biology accounts for ____% of drug use/abuse.

Back 60

50%

Front 61

Why do people use drugs?

Back 61

Alter mind, escape, peer pressure, coping, to have fun, curiosity, ect.

Front 62

Who created the Psychological Theory (oral fixation)?

Back 62

Sigmund Freud

Front 63

Name 10 personality theories that affect drug use/abuse.

Back 63

-Harm avoidant
-Reward dependent (people who need external validation)
-Novelty seeking (people who enjoy new experiences)
-Pessimistic (“everything bad happens to me”)
-Inability to trust
-Anti-social/aggression (enhances testosterone)
-Low self esteem
-Hypersensitive
-Self-destructive
-Passive/not active problem solvers

Front 64

Name 10 Family/Social Influences for drug use/abuse.

Back 64

-Early attachment first three years
-Abuse/neglect
-Parenting style
-Enmeshed (few boundaries) versus disengaged (cold, impersonal, rigid boundaries)
-Allowance (more money for drugs and alcohol)
-Chores (teaches responsibility)
-Parents drinking
-Parental death
-Divorce
-Birth Order (youngest child)

Front 65

Name 4 parenting styles

Back 65

-Authoritarian (dictator, low self-esteem occurs here)
-Authoritative (high on control and support, best)
-Permissive (high support, low control, high self-esteem occurs here)
-Neglectful (neither, trying to work through a lot of pain)

Front 66

In what parenting style is there a dictator, low self-esteem occurs?

Back 66

authoritarian

Front 67

In what parenting style is one high on control and support.. the best parenting style?

Back 67

authoritative

Front 68

What is the best parenting style?

Back 68

authoritative

Front 69

What parenting style has high support, low control, and high self-esteem occurs?

Back 69

Permissive

Front 70

What parenting style tries to work through a lot of pain?

Back 70

Neglectful

Front 71

According to birth order, who is the most likely to use/abuse drugs?

Back 71

the youngest

Front 72

Name 2 Social-Psychological Theories

Back 72

Family/Social influences
Peers

Front 73

Name 2 sociological theories of drug use and abuse

Back 73

-Micro-individual level processes
-Macro-societal level processes

Front 74

Name 6 Micro-individual level processes for drug use/abuse

Back 74

Social Learning
Symbolic Interactionist
Social Control
Exchange theory
Subculture
Social Strain

Front 75

What Micro-individual level process is learning from watching what others around us do?

Back 75

Social Learning

Front 76

According to birth order, who is the most likely to use/abuse drugs?

Back 76

the youngest

Front 77

Name 2 Social-Psychological Theories

Back 77

Family/Social influences
Peers

Front 78

Name 2 sociological theories of drug use and abuse

Back 78

-Micro-individual level processes
-Macro-societal level processes

Front 79

Name 6 Micro-individual level processes for drug use/abuse

Back 79

Social Learning
Symbolic Interactionist
Social Control
Exchange theory
Subculture
Social Strain

Front 80

What Micro-individual level process is learning from watching what others around us do?

Back 80

Social Learning

Front 81

What Micro-individual level process are Our behaviors are fueled by the actions of others, shared meaning, reality is constantly being created and recreated with us, looking glass self (we see ourselves based on what we think others think of us), labeling theory (self-fulfilling prophecy)?

Back 81

Symbolic interactionist

Front 82

What Micro-individual level process says that o If it weren’t for social controls, we would do anything that feels good if we wanted, informal control (if you care what your parents think of you, no emotional connection, you don’t care what they think) guidelines, rules, specific punishments?

Back 82

social control

Front 83

What Micro-individual level process Comes from economics, people are always trying to maximize their profits, do the benefits exceed the costs?

Back 83

exchange theory

Front 84

What Micro-individual level process says that there are subcultures where drugs are acceptable?

Back 84

subculture

Front 85

What Micro-individual level process says that We cannot judge drug addicts or drug users because everyone experiences the same conditions in the world?

Back 85

social strain

Front 86

Name 2 Macro-societal level processes?

Back 86

-functionalism
-conflict theory

Front 87

What tends to describe a society like you would describe an organism, it has parts, and each part serves a function. The parts are interdependent and work together. What function does it serve to sustain the whole?

Back 87

functionalism

Front 88

What focuses on inequality, competition for scarce resources (the haves, and the have-nots), the elite try to maintain dominance?

Back 88

conflict theory

Front 89

Name 2 characteristics under the conflict theory

Back 89

-Theories of the Middle Range
-Merton’s Social Strain Theory

Front 90

Name 2 factors of Merton’s Social Strain Theory

Back 90

-Capitalism
-Bales (1946) said the degree to which a culture provides substitute means of satisfaction is a major influence on the rate of substance abuse.

Front 91

When did drug use peak?

Back 91

.

Front 92

When did cocaine peak?

Back 92

.

Front 93

When did marijuana peak?

Back 93

.

Front 94

When did amphetamines peak?

Back 94

.

Front 95

When did meth amphetamines peak?

Back 95

.

Front 96

When did ecstasy peak?

Back 96

.

Front 97

When did heroin peak?

Back 97

.

Front 98

When did hallucinogens peak?

Back 98

.

Front 99

.

Back 99

.

Front 100

.

Back 100

.