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40 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
sociology
the systematic study of human society
sociology perspective
the special point of view of sociology that ses general patterns of society in the lives of particular people
global perspective
the study of the larger world and our society's place in it
high-income countries
the nations with the highest overall standards of living
middle-income countries
nations with a standard of living about average for the world as a whole
low-income countries
nations with a low standard of living in which most people are poor
positivism
a way of understanding based on science
theory
a statement of how and why specific facts are related
theoretical approach
a basic image of society that guides thinking and research
structural-functional approach
a framework for building theory that sees society as a complex system whose parts work together to promote soldarity and stability
social structure
any relatively stable pattern of social behavior
social functions
the consequences of social pattern for the operation of society as a whole
manifest function
the recognized and intended consequences of any social pattern
latent functions
the unrecognized and unintended consequences of any social pattern
social dysfunction
any social pattern that may disrupt the operation of society
social-conflict approach
a framework for building theory that sees society as an arena of inequality that generates conflict and change
gender-conflict approach
a point of view that focuses on inequality and conflict between females and males
feminism
the advocacy of social equality
race-conflict approach
a point of view that focuses on inequality and conflict between people of different racial and ethnic categories
macro-level orientation
a broad focus on social structures that shape society as a whole
micro-level orientation
a close-up focus on social interaction in specific situations
symbolic-interaction approach
a framework for building theory that sees society as the product of the everyday interactions of individuals
science
a logical system that bases knowledge on direct, systematic observation
scientific sociology
the study of society based on systematic observation of social behavior
empirical evidence
information we can verify with our senses
concept
a mental construct that represents some part of the world in a simplified form
variable
a concept whose value changes from case to case
measurement
a procedure for determining the value of a variable in a specific case
reliability
consistency in measurement
validity
actually measuring exactly what you intend to measure
correlation
a relationship in which two (or more) variables change together
cause and effect
a relationship in which change in one variable (the independent variable) causes change in another variable (the depedent variable)
interpretive sociology
the study of society that focuses on the meanings people attach to their social world
critical sociology
the study of society that focuses on the need for social change
gender
the personal traits and social positions that members of a society attach to being female or male
research method
a systematic plan for doing research
experiment
a reserach method for investigating cause and effect under highly controlled conditions

survey

a research method in which subjects responsd to a series of statements or questions in a questionnaire or an interview
participant observation
a research method in which investigators systematically observe people while joining them in their routine activities
stereotype
an exaggerated description applied to every person in some category