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94 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What do sensory nerves do?
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recognizes changes in environment and sends those msg's to the brain
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What do motor nerves do?
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respond to the changes in the environment by sending msg's away from the brain
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What is the somatic nervous system?
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voluntary, controls skeletal muscle
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What is the autonomic nervous system?
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involuntary, controls cardiac muscle, smooth muscle, and glands
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The ANS consists of what?
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the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system
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What is the sympathetic nervous system?
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fight or flight response
activated under stress |
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What are the sympathetic receptors called?
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adrenergic
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What is the parasympathetic nervous system?
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rest and digest response
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What are the parasympathetic receptors called?
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cholinergic
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What neurotransmitter does the sympathetic nervous system release?
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NE, E
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What neurotransmitter does the parasympathetic nervous system release?
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Ach
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What are the 4 types of adrenergic receptors?
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alpha 1, alpha 2, beta 1, beta 2
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What is the only cholinergic receptor?
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muscarinic
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What breaks down NE, and E?
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monoamine oxidase
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What breaks down Ach?
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acetylcholinesterase
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What is the alpha 1 response when activated?
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pupils dilate
arterial constriction of skin, viscera, mucus membranes bladder sphincter and prostate capsule constriction |
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What is the beta 1 response when activated?
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increased HR, contractility of the heart, conduction
release of renin |
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What is the beta 2 response when activated?
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bronchodilation
liver releases glucose arterial dilation to heart, lungs, skeletal muscle uterine relaxation |
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What is the muscarinic response when activated?
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decreased HR, contractility, conduction
pupils constrict bronchoconstriction bladder emptying increased peristalsis, saliva, gastric secretions bronchial secretions |
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What are sympathomimetics?
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stimulate SNS and produce fight or flight response
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What are sympatholytics?
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inhibit SNS response
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What are parasympathomimetics?
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stimulate PNS and produce rest and digest response
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What are parasympatholytics?
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inhibit PNS response
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What are antagonist?
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drugs that bind to postsynaptic receptors and prevent the neurotransmitter from binding to its receptor= will inhibit autonomic response
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What are agonists?
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drugs that bind to postsynaptic receptors and stimulate the receptor= will produce autonomic response
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What is adrenaline (epi)'s mechanism of action?
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stimulates all adrenergic receptors
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What is epi used for?
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asthma, allergic reactions, cardiac arrest
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What are the contraindications for epi? Why?
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certain arrhythmias b/c it stimulates beta 1 which deals with the heart, HTN, b/c of beta 1 which stimulates the heart
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What are the CNS side effects of epi?
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anxiety, nervousness, insomnia
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What the CVS side effects of epi?
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angina, arrhythmias, HTN, tachycardia
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What are the endo side effects of epi?
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hyperglycemia
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What would you assess before giving a pt epi?
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lung sounds, resp. rate, SO2, skin color
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What would you evaluate on a pt taking epi?
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EKG, HR, lung sounds, resp. rate, SO2
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What is sudafed's mechanism of action?
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stimulates alpha 1 adrenergic receptors
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What is sudafed used for?
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nasal decongestion by vasoconstricting respiratory tract mucosa
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What are the contraindications for sudafed? Why?
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diabetes b/c of glucose released form liver, BPH b/c of prostate constriction, glaucoma b/c it increase intronocular pressure
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What are the CNS side effects of sudafed?
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seizures, anxiety, nervousness, insomnia
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What are the CVS side effects of sudafed?
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cardiac arrest, palpitations, HTN, tachycardia
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What would you assess before giving a pt sudafed?
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BP, HR, urinary output, WBG if diabetic, lung sounds, congestion
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What would you evaluate for a pt taking sudafed?
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decreased nasal congestion
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What is dobutamine's mechanism of action?
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stimulates beta 1 adrenergic receptors
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What is dobutamine used for?
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treatment of heart failure
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What are the CVS side effects of dobutamine?
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HTN, tachycardia, arrhythmias
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What would you assess before giving a pt dobutamine?
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BP, HR, EKG, IV site, urinary output, pedal pulses
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What would you evaluate on a pt taking dobutamine?
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increased cardiac output, urine output
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What is albuterol's mechanism of action?
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stimulates beta 2 adrenergic receptors
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What is albuterol used for?
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asthma
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Who should be cautioned before taking albuterol?
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heart d/s, HTN, diabetes
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What are the CNS side effects of albuterol?
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nervousness, tremor
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What are the CVS side effects of albuterol?
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angina, palpitations, HTN
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What are the endo side effects of albuterol?
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hyperglycemia
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What would you assess on a pt before giving albuterol?
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lung sounds, resp. rate, HR, SO2, sputum, BP, any chest pain?, heart racing?
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What would you evaluate on a pt taking albuterol?
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prevention of relief of bronchospasm
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What is cardura's mechanism of action?
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blocks alpha 1 adrenergic receptors
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What is cardura used for?
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BPH, HTN
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What are the CNS side effects of cardura?
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dizziness, H/A
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What are the CVS side effects of cardura?
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1st does hypotension
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What are the GU side effects of cardura?
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sexual dysfunction
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What would you teach a pt taking cardura?
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lay down before 1st dose
monitor BP |
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What would you evaluate on a pt taking cardura?
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decreased BP, increased urination, force of stream, decreased urgency, complete bladder emptying
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What is metoprolol's mechanism of action?
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blocks beta 1 receptors
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What is propanolol's mechanism of action?
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blocks beta 1 & 2
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What are the contraindications of beta blockers?
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bradycardia, certain dsyrhythmias, pregnancy and lactation, cardiogenic shock, severe heart failure
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What would you assess before giving a pt a beta blocker?
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HR
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What are beta blockers used to treat?
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HTN, angina, MI, anxiety and panic attacks
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If a pt has a history of asthma which beta blocker would you give?
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cardioselective
metoprolol |
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What is urecholine used for?
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used to stimulate smooth muscle in GU and GI tracts
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How does urecholine effect urinary retention?
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increases bladder muscle tone
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How does urecholine effect gastric atony?
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increases GI peristalsis
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What is the contraindication for urecholine?
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DO NOT GIVE WITH URINARY/GI OBSTRUCTION!!!
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Who should be cautioned before taking urecholine?
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angina, hypotension, dsrrhymias, recent MI, bradycardia, asthma
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What is urecholine's mechanism of action?
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binds to cholinergic receptors to produce rest and digest responses
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What are the CVS side effects of urecholine?
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bradycardia, hypotension
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What are the resp. side effects of urecholine?
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bronchospasm
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What are the GI/GU side effects of urecholine?
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abd. cramps, N/V, diarrhea, urinary urgency/frequency
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What would you monitor on a pt taking urecholine?
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vitals
bronchial secretions and constriction I&O bladder distension voiding pattern prior to and after administering BM, bowel sounds, abd. cramping, diarrhea |
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What would you teach a pt taking urecholine?
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may cause orthostatic hypotension
can cause GU urgency, diarrhea report HR < 60, decreased urinary output, dysnea |
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What kind of drug is urecholine?
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cholinergic/ parasympathomimetic
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What type of drug is atropine?
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anticholinergic
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What is atropine used to treat? Mechanism of action?
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bradycardia
increases HR |
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What is the side effect of atropine?
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tachycardia
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What type of drug is atrovent and spiriva? Mechanism of action?
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anticholinergicss
bronchodilation |
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What are atrovent and spiriva used to treat?
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asthma/ bronchial spasm
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What type of drug is ditropan? Mechanism of action?
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anticholinergic
bladder relaxation |
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What is ditropan used for?
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bladder spasm, incontinence, urinary frequency
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What is the side effect of ditropan?
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urinary retention
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What type of drug is levsin?
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anticholinergic
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What is levsin used to treat? Mechanism of action?
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intestinal spasm/ IBS
decreases peristalsis |
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What is the side effect of Levsin?
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constipation
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Why would atropine be used for a pre-op patient?
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decreases gastric, salivary, and bronchial secretions, and GI motility, sweating
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What would be some side effects if atropine was used for a pre op pt?
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dry mouth, constipation, fever
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What are the contraindications for anticholinergics?
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glaucoma, GI/GU tract obstruction, caution w/ pts w/ BPH
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What should be monitored on a pt taking an anticholinergic?
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vitals
I&O voiding patterns bowel sounds bowel movement |
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What would be some s/s of a cholinergic crisis?
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fever, visual changes, difficulty swallowing, hallucinations
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