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19 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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HCT indications |
Hypertension Mild oedema Mild fluid overload in HF Hypertension in HF |
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Side effects of HCT |
Increased Ca Sugar Cholesterol Sugar Uric acid Metabolic acidosis Decreased K Mg Hypotension Respiratory distress Stevens-Johnson syndrome Toxic epidermal necrolysis |
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What are the contraindications |
Documented hypersensitivity to hydrochlorothiazide or sulfonamides Anuria |
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What is the place of Li in a patient on HCT |
Avoid concurrent use with lithium (reduction of lithium dosage by 50% may be necessary) |
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Cautions with the use of HCT |
Gout DM Hypercalcemia Hypotension hypercholesterolemia , systemic lupus erythematosus, liver or renal disease, hypokalemia, parathyroid disease |
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Mechanism of action of HCT |
Thiazide diuretic; inhibits sodium reabsorption in distal renal tubules, resulting in increased excretion of water and of sodium, potassium, and hydrogen ions |
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Elimination of HCT |
Minimally metabolized and excreted in urine |
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What are the indications for alandronate |
Osteoporosis Prevention in postmenopausal women • 5 mg PO once daily or 35 mg PO once weekly Treatment in postmenopausal women and men • 10 mg PO once daily or 70 mg PO once weekly Glucocorticoid-Induced Osteoporosis Males and females: 5 mg PO once daily (10 mg/day for postmenopausal women not on hormone replacement therapy) Paget Disease 40 mg/day PO for 6 months |
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What are the special concerns about the way of administration |
Administration Take only in morning, not at bedtime or before arising Take tablet with full glass of water (6-8 oz) at least 30 minutes before first food or drink of day, in upright position Administer oral solution with at least 2 ounces of water Swallow with plain water only; mineral water, coffee, juice or other beverages severely reduces bioavailability Swallow tablet whole; do not suck or chew Do not lie down for 30 minutes after taking drug; sit or stand upright Despite long terminal half-life (10 years), bone-incorporated drug is not pharmacologically active If dietary intake is inadequate, patients should receive calcium supplement and vitamin D |
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What is the optimal duration of use of Alandronate |
Optimal duration of use not determined; for patients at low-risk for fracture, consider drug discontinuation after 3-5 years of use |
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What are the adverse effects related to electrolytes |
>10% Hypocalcemia, transient and mild (18%) 1-10% Hypophosphatemia, transient and mild (10%) |
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What are the GI side effects |
Dyspepsia (3.6%)Nausea (3.6%)Constipation (3.1%)Diarrhea (3.1%)Flatulence (2.6%)Acid regurgitation (2%)Esophagitis (1.5%)Abdominal distention (1%) esophageal erosions, esophageal ulcers, esophageal stricture or perforation, and oropharyngeal ulceration; gastric or duodenal ulcers Oesophageal CA <1% |
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What are the adverse effects on bones |
Musculoskeletal pain Diaphyseal femur fracture <1% [ Localized osteonecrosis of the jaw, generally associated with tooth extraction and/or local infection with delayed healing Bone, joint, and/or muscle pain, occasionally severe, and incapacitating; joint swelling; low-energy femoral shaft and subtrochanteric fractures cholesteatoma of the external auditory canal (focal osteonecrosis) ] |
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What are the contraindications for alandronate |
Hypersensitivity Hypocalcemia Abnormalities of the esophagus delaying esophageal emptying such as stricture or achalasia Inability to stand or sit upright for 30 minutes |
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What action to be taken before starting on a hypocalcemic patient |
correct hypocalcemia prior to therapy; ensure adequate calcium and vitamin D intake |
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What are the complications related to eyes |
Conjunctivitis, uveitis, episcleritis, and scleritis |
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What is the mechanism of action of bisphosphonates |
Bisphosphonate; binds to hydroxyapatite crystals in bone and inhibits osteoclast-mediated bone resorption; decreases mineral release and collagen or matrix breakdown in bone |
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Is the drug bisphosphonate metabolised |
NO |
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How is the drug eliminated |
Half-life: Up to 10 years in bone (terminal)Excretion: Urine 50%, feces (unabsorbed drug) |
