Drug Class Cards

Front 1

ACE inhibitors

Back 1

prevent the synthesis of angiotensin II
potent vasoconstrictor
used to treat hypertension, HF, kidney disease

Front 2

Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors

Back 2

promote the accumulation of acetylcholine, resulting in prolonged cholinergic effects

Front 3

Adrenergic

Back 3

produce effects similar to neurotransmitter norepinephrine

Front 4

Adrenergic blocking agents

Back 4

inhibit the adrenergic system preventing stimulation of the adrenergic receptors

Front 5

Aldosterone receptor antagonists

Back 5

block stimulation of mineralocorticoid receptors by aldosterone, thus reducing high blood pressure by preventing sodium reabsorption

Front 6

Aminoglycosides

Back 6

Gentamicin, tobramycin, and related antibiotics particular effective against gram-negative microorganisms noted for potentially dangerous nephrotoxicity and ototoxicity

Front 7

Amylinomimetic agent

Back 7

used to reduce elevated postprandial hyperglycemia in pt with type 1 or 2 diabetes mellitus

Front 8

Analgesics

Back 8

Narcotic and nonnarcotic relieve pain without producing loss of consciousness or reflex activity

Front 9

Androgens

Back 9

These steroid hormones produce masculinizing effect

Front 10

Anesthetics

Back 10

for example, local anesthesia, general anesthesia, cause loss of sensation with or without a loss of consciousness

Front 11

Angiotensin II receptor antagonists

Back 11

Also known as ARBs act by binding to angiotensin II receptors sites preventing angiotensin II from binding to receptor site in vascular smooth muscle , brain, heart, kidneys, and adrenal gland, thus blocking the blood pressure elevating and sodium-retaining effects of Angiotensin II

Front 12

Antacids

Back 12

reduce the acidity of the gastric contents

Front 13

antianginals

Back 13

used to prevent or treat attacks of angina pectoris most common is nitroglycerin

Front 14

antianxiety

Back 14

used to treat anxiety symptoms or disorders also known as minor tranquilizers or anxiolytics although the term tranquilizer is avoided today to prevent the misperception that the pt is being tranquilized

Front 15

Antibiotics

Back 15

used to treat infections caused by pathogenic microbes the term is often used interchangeably with antimicrobial agents

Front 16

Anticholinergics

Back 16

block the action of acetylcholine in the parasympathetic nervous system also known as cholinergic blocking agents, antispasmodics, and parasympatholytic agents

Front 17

Anticoagulants

Back 17

prevent the formation enlargement or extension of blood clots. do not dissolve existing bloodclots

Front 18

Anticonvulsants

Back 18

suppress abnormal neuronal activity in the CNS preventing seizures

Front 19

Antidepressants

Back 19

Relieve depression

Front 20

Antidiabetics

Back 20

includes insulin and amylinomimetic agent used to treat type 1 diabetes mellitus. The secretogogues and those following are used to treat type 2 DM. Secretogogues, biguanide, thiazolidinediones, alpha-glucosidas inhibitors, amylinomimetic agent, and incretin-based therapy, used in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus

Front 21

Antidiarrheals

Back 21

relieve or control the symptoms of acute or chronic diarrhea

Front 22

Antidysrhythmics

Back 22

used to correct cardiac dysrhythmias ( any heart rate or rhythm other than normal sinus rhythm

Front 23

Antiemetics

Back 23

used to prevent or treat nausea and vomiting

Front 24

Antifungals

Back 24

Used to treat fungal infections

Front 25

Antiglaucoma

Back 25

Used to reduce intraocular pressure

Front 26

Antigout

Back 26

used to treat active gout attacks or to prevent future attacks

Front 27

Antihistamines

Back 27

used to treat allergy symptoms may also be used to treat motion sickness, insomnia, and other nonallergic reactions

Front 28

Antihypertensives

Back 28

used to treat elevated blood pressure (hypertension)

Front 29

Antilipemics

Back 29

used to reduce serum cholesterol and or triglycerides most common are statins

Front 30

Antimicrobials

Back 30

Chemical that eliminate living microorganisms pathogenic to the pt also called antibiotics or antiinfectives

Front 31

Antineioplastics

Back 31

also called chemotherapy agents, used alone or in combination with other treatment modalities such as radiation surgery or biologic response modifiers to treat cancer

Front 32

Antiparkinsons

Back 32

used in treatment of Parkinsons syndrome and other dyskinesias

Front 33

Antiplateltes

Back 33

Prevent platelet clumping (aggregation) thereby preventing an essential step in formation of a blood clot, most common are aspirin, clopidogrel and prasugrel

Front 34

Antipsychotics

Back 34

used to treat severe mental illnesses also know as major tranquilizer or neuroleptics, although the term tranquilizer is avoided today to prevent the misperception that the patient is being tranquilized

Front 35

Antipyretics

Back 35

used to reduce fevers associated with a variety of conditions, most common are aspirin acetaminophen, and ibuprofen

Front 36

Antispasmodics

Back 36

actually anticholinergic agents

Front 37

Antithyroid

Back 37

used to treat the symptoms of hyperthyroidism, also known as thyroid hormone antagonists propylthiouracil, methimazole

Front 38

antituberculins

Back 38

used to prevent or treat an infection caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis

Front 39

Antitussive

Back 39

used to suppress a cough by acting on the cough center of the brain

Front 40

Antiulcer agents

Back 40

these drugs such as histamine antagonsits decrease the volume and increase the PH of gastic secretions

Front 41

Antivirals

Back 41

used to treat infections caused by pathogenic viruses

Front 42

betablockers

Back 42

inhibit the activity of sympathetic transmitters norepinephrine and epinephring used to treat angina, dysrhythmias, hypertension, and glaucoma

Front 43

bronchodiolators

Back 43

stimulate receptors within the tracheobronchial tree to relax and dilate the airway passages allowing a greater volume of air to be exchanged and improving oxygenation

Front 44

calcium channel blockers

Back 44

also called calcium ion antagonsits slow channel blockers or calcium ion influx inhibitors inhibit the movement of calcium ions across the cell membrane used to decrease dysrhythmias slow rate of contractions of the heart and cause vasodilation

Front 45

carbapenems

Back 45

antibiotcs with a broad spectrum of activity against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, they act by inhibiting cell wall synthesis

Front 46

Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors

Back 46

interfere with the production of aqueous humor thereby reducing intraocular pressure associated with glaucom

Front 47

Cell-stimulating agent

Back 47

improve immune fn by stimulating the activity of various immune cells cholinergic: also known as parasympathomimetics produce effects similar to those of acetylcholine

Front 48

Cholinesterase inhibitors

Back 48

cholinesterase enzymes destroy acetylcholine stopping its action. Cholinesterase inhibitors block destruction of acetylcholine, thus prolonging its action examples of cholinesterase inhibitors are demecarium and echothiophate

Front 49

coating agent

Back 49

this drug sucralfate forms a complex that adheres to the crater of an ulcer protecting it from aggravation from gastric secretions

Front 50

Colony-stimulating factors

Back 50

stimulate progenitor cells in bone marrow to increase numbers of leukocytes thereby improving immune fn

Front 51

corticosteroids

Back 51

these hormones are secreted by the adrenal cortex of the adrenal gland

Front 52

cycloplegics

Back 52

anticholinergic agents that paralyze accommodation of the iris of the eye

Front 53

cytotoxics

Back 53

agents that cause direct cell death often used for cancer therapy

Front 54

decongestants

Back 54

reduce swelling in the nasal passages caused by a common cold or allergic rhinitis usually by vasoconstriction

Front 55

Digestants

Back 55

combination products containing digestive enzymes used to treat various digestive disorders and to supplement deficiencies of natural digestive enzymes

Front 56

Digitalis glycosides

Back 56

a class of drugs also known as cardiac glycosides that increase the force of contraction and slow the heart rate, thereby improving cardiac output, digoxin is the prototype

Front 57

Diuretics

Back 57

act to increase the flow of urine

Front 58

Emetics

Back 58

used to induce vomiting

Front 59

Estrogens

Back 59

steroids that cause feminizing effects

Front 60

Expectorants

Back 60

liquefying mucus by stimulating the natural lubricant fludis the bronchial glands allowing the liquefied mucus to be expectorated or coughed up out of the bronchi and trachea

Front 61

Fluoroquinolones

Back 61

Ciprofloxacin and related agents widely used broad-spectrum antibiotics

Front 62

Gastric Stimulants

Back 62

used to increase stomach contractions relax the pyloric valve and increase peristalsis in the gastrointestinal tract result in a decrease in gastric transit time and more rapid emptying of the intestinal tract prototype is metoclopramide

Front 63

Glucocorticoids

Back 63

also known as adrenocorticosteroids are used to regulate carbohydrate fat and protein metabolism

Front 64

Gonadal hormones

Back 64

hormones produced by the testes in the male and ovaries in the female

Front 65

Herbals

Back 65

plant products usually sold as food supplements may have pharmacologic effects that are not evaluated or regulated by the FDA

Front 66

Histamine antagonists

Back 66

decrease the volume and increase the pH of gastric secretions both during the day and the night

Front 67

HMG-CoA reductase enzyme inhibitors

Back 67

also known as the statins antilipemic agents that inhibit hydroxymethyl-glutaryl coenzyme A reductase enzyme the enzyme that stimulates the conversion of HMG-CoA to mevalonic acid, a precursor in the biosynthesis of cholesterol thus reducing the potential for atherosclerosis

Front 68

Hyperuricemics

Back 68

used to decrease the production or increase the excreation of uric acid excretion of uric acid thus lowering serum uric acid levels to prevent gout

Front 69

hypnotics

Back 69

used to produce sleep

Front 70

incretin-mimetics

Back 70

used to reduce basal glucose concentrations and elevated postprandial glucose concentrations used to treat diabetes mellitus

Front 71

insulins

Back 71

Hormone required for glucose transport into the cells for energy

Front 72

Lactation suppressants

Back 72

used to prevent physiologic lactation

Front 73

laxatives

Back 73

act by variety of mechanisms to treat constipation low molecular wt heparins, derivative of heparin anticoagulants for prophylactic treatment of venous thromboembolisms macrolides: Erythromycin, azithromycin, and related antibiotics

Front 74

MAO inhibitors

Back 74

agents that block monoamine oxidase, there by preventing the degradation and prolonging the action of norepinephrine and serotonin

Front 75

Mineralocorticoids

Back 75

steroids that cause the kidneys to retain sodium and water such as fludrocortisone, miotics: cause constriction of the iris

Front 76

Mucolytics

Back 76

reduced the thickness and stickiness of pulmonary secretions by acting directly on the mucous plugs to dissolve them

Front 77

Muscle relaxants

Back 77

relieve muscle spasms

Front 78

mydriatics

Back 78

cause dilation of the iris

Front 79

Neurokinin-1 receptor antagonist

Back 79

aprepitant is the first NK1 antagonist available blocks the effects of substance P on NK1 receptors. Used to prevent acute and delayed chemotherapy-related nausea and vomiting caused by highly emetogenic antineoplastic agents

Front 80

Neuromuscular blockers

Back 80

skeletal muscle relaxants used to produce muscle relaxation during anesthesia, reduce the use and side effects of general anesthetics, used to ease endotracheal intubation and prevent laryngospasm nitrates. Metabolize to nitric oxide a potent vasodilator used to treat angina

Front 81

Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs NSAIDs

Back 81

Prostaglandin inhibitors that are analgesic antipyretic and anti-inflammatory in action

Front 82

Opioids

Back 82

Centrally-acting analgesic agents related to morphine

Front 83

Oral contraceptives

Back 83

used for birth control administered orally

Front 84

Oral hypoglycemic

Back 84

used in type 2 diabetes mellitus to improve glucose metabolism and lower blood glucose levels

Front 85

progestins

Back 85

steroids regulating endometrial and myometrial fn used alone or in combination with estrogen for oral contraceptives

Front 86

Protease inhibitors

Back 86

Saquinavir, ritonavir, indinavir, and related drugs block the maturation of human immunodeficiency virus used to treat HIV infections

Front 87

Salicylates

Back 87

group of related chemicals that are a subclass of NSAIDs effective as analgesics, antipyretics and anti-inflammatory agents

Front 88

Sedatives

Back 88

given to an individual to produce relaxation and rest do not necessarily produce sleep

Front 89

Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors SSRIs

Back 89

Antidepressants that act by specifically blocking the reuptake of serotonin, thus prolonging its action

Front 90

Serotonin antagonists

Back 90

used to block serotonin prevent emesis induced by chemotherapy, radiation therapy, and surgery

Front 91

Statins (HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors)

Back 91

block the synthesis of cholesterol stool dissolve existing blood clots

Front 92

Sympatholytics

Back 92

interfere with the storage and release of norepinephrine and epinephrine

Front 93

sympathomimetics

Back 93

mimic the action of dopamine, norepinephrine and epinephrine

Front 94

thrombolytics

Back 94

a specific group of drugs given to dissolve existing blood clots

Front 95

Thyroid Hormone antagonsits

Back 95

used to counteract or block the action of excessive formation of thyroid hormones

Front 96

Thyroid hormones

Back 96

used when thyroid hromones are not being produced or are not produced in sufficient quantities to meet the bodys physiologic needs

Front 97

Tricyclic Antidepressants

Back 97

inhibits the reuptake of norepinephrine and serotonin

Front 98

Uricosuric Agents

Back 98

act on the tubules of the kidneys to enhance the excretion of uric acid

Front 99

urinary analgesics

Back 99

produce a local anesthetic effect on the mucosa of the ureters and bladder to relieve burning, pain, urgency, and frequency associated with urinary tract infections

Front 100

Urinary antimicrobials

Back 100

substances excreted and concentrated in the urine in sufficient amounts to have and antiseptic effect on the urine and the urinary tract

Front 101

Uterine relaxant

Back 101

used primarily to prevent preterm labor and delivery, includes magnesium sulfateuterine

Front 102

Stimulants

Back 102

increase the frequency or strength of uterine contractions includes oxytocin

Front 103

Vaccines

Back 103

suspensions of either live, attenuated, or killed bacteria or viruses administered to induce immunity against infection of specific bacteria or viruses

Front 104

Vasodilators

Back 104

relax the arteriolar smooth muscle causing a dilation of the blood vessels (Calcium channel blockers, alpha -1 adrenergic blockers and hydralazine