Drug Abuse

Front 1

ethyl alcohol pharmacology

Back 1

rapidly and completely absorbed from GI tract. Oxidized in the liver to acetyladehyde then matabolized to CO2. Exreted from lungs and urine

Front 2

Intoxication
mild:
moderate:
severe:
tx:

Back 2

impaired judgement, emotional lability.

dilated pupils, slurred speech, ataxia, staggering gait.

coma, seizures, death

ventilation, fluids, thiamine, glucose, sodium bicarbonate, magnesium

Front 3

ethyl alcohol withdrawl
stage 1:
stage 2:
stage 3:

Back 3

6-8 hours after use, agitation, autonomic nervous system hyperactivity

hallucinations, paranoid behavior, and amnesia.

3-5 days after, disorientation, delusions, grand mal seizures

Front 4

chronic effects of ethyl alcohol

Back 4

malnutrition-protein deficiency, also water-soluble vitamins and minerals
vascular changes-impotence, esophageal varices, arrhythmias and hypertension
fetal alcohol syndrome in pregnant women
Increased cancer risk-oral, larynx, esophagus, and liver
hepatitis- liver cirrhosis, fatty liver

Front 5

Red flags for alcoholism

Back 5

early drinking, blackout, missing work, personal problems-such as numerous wrinkles on a person's forehead to cause self confidence issues.

Front 6

self test for alcoholism

Back 6

CAGE

Front 7

Tx for alcoholism

Back 7

alcoholics anonymous, disulfiram, naltrexone

Front 8

disulfiram

Back 8

causes significant side effects if alcohol is ingested while on the drug.

Front 9

naltrexone

Back 9

oral opiod antagonist used to reduce alcohol cravings (suggesting maybe opioid receptors play a role in alcoholism)

Front 10

signs of advanced alcoholism

Back 10

edema, puffy face, parotid gland enlargement, advanced perio disease, sweet musty breath odor, ecchymoses, petechiae, telangectasias.

Front 11

dental management concerns for CNS depressants

Back 11

liver-impaired drug metabolism, bleeding abnormalities
oral- glossitis, angular heilitis, candida infection

Front 12

nitrous oxide

Back 12

abuse-psychological but NOT physical, inhalation of 50% to 75% produces a "high" for 30 sec follow by sense of detachment for 2-3 min.. causes a tingling or warmth around the face, auditory illusions, slurred speech, and stumbling gait

Front 13

N2O intoxication

Back 13

dizziness, headache, tachycardia, syncope, and hypotension, impairs ability to drive or operate machinery.
Equilibrium, balance, and gait are affected with chronic use, mental dysfunction and infertility will result.
Inhaling 100% Nitrous causes nausea, cyanosis, hypoxia that results in death

Front 14

myeloneuropathy

Back 14

occurs with chronic abuse of nitrous
loss of finger dexterity, numbness of extremities, positional and vibratory neural sensations lost, cannot discern pain, light touch perception, temperature sensation

Front 15

opioid analgesic pharmacology:CNS depressants

Back 15

heroin, methadone, morphine, hydromorphone, merperidine, oxycodone, and pentazocine* most commonly abused opioids.

elevate the user's mood, cause euphoria, relieve fear and apprehension, produces feeling of peace and tranquility

Front 16

CNS depressant opioid analgesic abuse

Back 16

fixed, pinpoint pupils, resp. depression, hypotension and shock. slow or absent reflexes drowsiness or coma.
Tolerance develops to most effects except miosis and constipation

Front 17

opioid withdrawal

Back 17

initial withdrawal yawning, tearing runny nose, sweating, restless sleep. anorexia, tremors, irritability, weakness, and excessive GI activity,
Increased heart rate, elevated BP chills/sweating, without tx symptoms disappear ater 8 days!

Front 18

management acute overdose

Back 18

naloxone- if no response respiratory depression due to other causes

metadone- used to make pts comfortable during withdrawal, then eventually replaces drug

Front 19

pain management of addicts

Back 19

NSAIDs- prescribed for pain or refer to MD for pain management

Be alert for drug seekers!
Increased endocarditis risk- 30% chance of developing valve damage in IV drug users

chronic pain-monitor suspicious refills through other healthcare providers

Front 20

sedative hypnotic pharmacology

Back 20

barbituates, alcohol, meprobamate, chloral hydrate, benzodiazepines, and N2O. initial effects-slurred life.

Front 21

CNS stimulation is due to increased sensitivity as a result of what?

Back 21

blockage of inhibitory fibers leaving excitatory fibers unopposed

Front 22

date rape drug

Back 22

short acting benzodiazepines rophanyl "ruffies"

Front 23

first priority in managing and overdose???

Back 23

maintain life support!!!!!

Front 24

tx of acute overdose

Back 24

replace with a long acting benzodiazepine (valium or librium**) and gradually reduce it.

Front 25

cocaine

Back 25

stimulant action, free-base form (crack) is more pure and potent and addicting, the onset of euphoria is quicker

psychologic dependence becomes intense, but neither tolerance nor withdrawal has been shown.

used primarily as a local anesthetic on mucous membranes of the nose to produce vasoconstriction and control hemorrhage

Front 26

methamphetamines

Back 26

meth, dextroamphetamine, diethylopropion, methylphenidate, and phenmetrazine,

Theyre abused for their ability to produce a euphoric mood, increased energy and alertness, and a feeling of omnipotence and self-confidence

pupil dilation, increase BP and RPM, anorexia and sweating.

Front 27

methamphetamine overdose management

Back 27

phenothiazine-psychotic symptoms
amytriptyline for severe depression

Front 28

Psychedelics (Hallucinogens) Phencyclidine

Back 28

angel dust "PCP" originally developed as a tranquilizer, inhibits re-uptake of dopamine, serotonin and nor-epinephrine

bizarre behavior aka Nicole

Front 29

marijuana

Back 29

reddening of eyes, behavior changes, hand tremors. produce euphoria, and enhanced sensory perception followed by sedation
alters perceptual ability

Front 30

adverse effect of marijuana

Back 30

apprehension, panic, losing one's mind.
physical dependence rare
xerostomia is present and inflammation various keratotic lesions and leukoplakia
chronic bronchitis and pre-cancerous changes
THC reduces intraocular pressure and used in glaucoma tx. also used to tx nausea associated with chemo