Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
271 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
List the 7 drug categories, and name one drug contained in each category.
|
CNS Depressant - Xanax
CNS Stimulant - Methamphetamine Hallucinogens - LSD Dissociative Anesthetic - PCP Narcotic Analgesics - Heroin Inhalants - Hair Spray Cannabis - Marijuana |
|
Define "Drug"
|
Any substance that, when taken into the human body, can impair the ability of the person to operate a vehicle safely.
|
|
Which categories do not increase blood pressure?
|
CNS Depressants, Narcotic Analgesics
|
|
Average range of Blood Pressure for Systolic (high number)
|
120-140
|
|
Average range for pulse
|
60-90 BPM
|
|
Chloral Hydrate is included in which category?
|
CNS Depressants
|
|
Bruxism (grinding teeth) is associated with which category?
|
CNS Stimulants
|
|
T or F: The finger count is included as a psychophysical test in the 12 step DRE evaluation.
|
False
|
|
Which leg do you use first on the One Leg Stand test for the DRE evaluation?
|
Left
|
|
Where is the pulse taken?
|
Left arm radial
|
|
How much time is estimated during the Modified Romberg test?
|
30 Seconds
|
|
Which drug categories produce HGN?
|
CNS Depressants, Inhalants, Dissociative Anesthetics
|
|
The bottom number for blood pressure is called ______________.
|
Diastolic
|
|
The top number for blood pressure is called ________________.
|
Systolic
|
|
The average range for pupil size in room light is ____________.
|
2.5-5.0mm
|
|
Name the categories that slow pupils reaction to light.
|
CNS Depressants, CNS Stimulants, Inhalants
|
|
How many validated clues are in the Finger to Nose test?
|
None
|
|
Name the three types of alcohol.
|
Ethanol, Methanol, Isopropyl
|
|
Where is most alcohol absorbed in the human body?
|
Small intestine
|
|
Where is alcohol metabolized in the human body?
|
Liver
|
|
Which category does not elevate pulse rate?
|
Narcotic Analgesics
|
|
Methamphetamine is also referred to as ____________.
|
Crank
|
|
MPPP is included in which drug category?
|
Narcotic Analgesics
|
|
Name the muscle at the bottom of the stomach that allows alcohol to pass through and into the remainder of the body.
|
Pylorus or Pyloric Valve
|
|
Name the enzyme that helps break down alcohol.
|
Alcohol Dehydrogenase
|
|
Define Poly Drug use.
|
Where an individual ingests drugs from two or more drug categories
|
|
The gap or space between two nerve cells is called ___________.
|
Synapse or Synaptic Gap
|
|
Define "Tachycardia".
|
Abnormally rapid heart rate.
|
|
Define "Pupillary Unrest".
|
The continuous, irregular change in the size of the pupils that may be observed under room or steady light conditions.
|
|
Name the psycho-physical test(s) included in the DRE evaluation that have no validated clues.
|
Modified Romberg Balance Test
Finger to Nose Test |
|
Define Miosis.
|
Abnormally constricted pupils
|
|
Define Mydriasis.
|
Abnormally dilated pupils
|
|
Define Korotkoff sounds.
|
A series of distinct sounds produced by blood passing through an artery, as the external pressure on the artery drops from the systolic range to the diastolic range.
|
|
How many phases are there when listening to Korotkoff sounds?
|
5 phases
|
|
BAC = ?
|
BAC = 50 - Angle of onset.
|
|
Oxycodone belongs to what two sub-categories of Narcotic Analgesics?
|
Opium Derivatives, Synthetic Opiates
|
|
In the 2013-14 Roadside Survey of Alcohol and Drug Use by Drivers, what percentage of drivers, using both blood and oral fluids tests, tested positive for drugs?
|
20%
|
|
In what year was the LAPD Field Validation Study conducted?
|
1985
|
|
In what year was the John Hopkins validation study conucted?
|
1984
|
|
Name the court case that established HGN as admissible in court.
|
State of Arizona V. Blake
|
|
What must you do if you deviate from the 12 steps during a DRE evaluation?
|
Document in report why and how you deviated from the 12 step process
|
|
Name in order the steps in the DRE evaluation.
|
1. Breath Alcohol Test
2. Interview of Arresting Officer 3. Preliminary Examination - including 1st pulse, estimation for angle of onset, estimation of pupil size 4. Eye Examination 5. Divided Attention Test a. Romberg Balance b. Walk and Turn c. One Leg Stand d. Finger to Nose 6. Vital Signs - including 2nd pulse 7. Dark Room Check of pupil size and Ingestion Exam 8. Check Muscle tone 9. Check Injection sites - including 3rd pulse 10. Interrogation, Statements, and other observations 11. Opinion of Evaluator 12. Toxicological Examination |
|
Spell the name for the tool used to check blood pressure and correctly identify the main parts of that tool.
|
Sphygmomanometer
-compression cuff -manometer -pressure bulb -pressure control valve -tubes |
|
Identify the average pupil size and the ranges for a non-impaired individual in room light, near total darkness, and direct light.
|
Room light: 4.0 with range of 2.5-5.0mm
Near total darkness: 6.5 with range of 5.0-8.5mm Direct Light: 3.0 with range of 2.0-4.5mm |
|
Blood pressure is measured in what value?
|
mmHg
|
|
"Hg" in the blood pressure value stands for what?
|
Mercury
|
|
Define Synesthesia.
|
Mixing of the senses
|
|
Name the sub-categories of Narcotic Analgesics.
|
1. Natural Opiates also known as Derivatives of Opium
2. Synthetics |
|
Define Synthetic Narcotic Analgesics.
|
produced chemically in a laboratory and are not derived from Opium but produce similar effects.
|
|
Define Analgesic.
|
Pain reliever
|
|
What is the known active ingredient in Cannabis?
|
Delta-9 Tetrahydrocannabinol or THC
|
|
"Speedball" is street name for what combination?
|
Cocaine and Heroine
|
|
"Poor Man's Speedball" is street name for what combination?
|
Heroin and Ampheti
|
|
"Fireball" is street name for what combination?
|
Heroin and PCP
|
|
"Space Base" is street name for what combination?
|
"Crack" Cocaine and PCP
|
|
"Primo" is street name for what combination?
|
"Crack" Cocaine and Marijuana
|
|
"Croak" is street name for what combination?
|
"Crack" Cocaine and Methamphetamines
|
|
Name the three reasons for the Drug Evaluation process.
|
1. Establish that the subject is impaired
2. Rule out medical impairment 3. Determine the category of drugs involved |
|
Describe the "Frye Standard".
|
Procedure or principle espoused, accepted by the relevant scientific community - traditional test for admissibility of "new" scientific evidence.
|
|
What year was the Frye Standard set by the Supreme Court?
|
1923
|
|
How long should an evaluator wait before taking the subjects blood pressure again in the same arm?
|
3 minutes
|
|
What should be done just prior to taking the subject's blood pressure and why?
|
Pulse should be taken before blood pressure because the pulse would be inaccurate if taken after.
|
|
Describe Rebound Dilation.
|
A period of pupillary constriction followed by a period of pupillary dilation where the pupil steadily increases in size and does not return to its' original constricted size.
|
|
Describe Bradycardia
|
Abnormally slow heart rate
|
|
Name three types of Nystagmus.
|
1. Post Rotational
2. Opto-Kinetic 3. Drug Induced |
|
Name the systems of the human physiology
|
Muscular, Urinary, Respiratory, Digestive, Endocrine, Reproductive, Skeletal, Integumentary, Nervous, Circulatory
|
|
Describe Homeostasis.
|
Dynamic Balance, or steady state, involving levels of salts, water, sugars, and other material in the body's fluids.
|
|
What is unique about the Pulmonary artery.
|
The only artery that carries de-oxygenated blood.
|
|
What system is driven by the left side of the heart and controls the blood flow to the whole body.
|
Systemic System
|
|
What system is driven by the right side of the heart and controls the blood flow through the lungs.
|
Pulmonary System
|
|
The gap between two neurons is called _______________.
|
Synapse or Synaptic gap
|
|
The "Fight or Flight" responses in the body are controlled by the _____________ _______________.
|
Sympathetic Nerves.
|
|
The body's natural pain killers are _____________.
|
Endorphins
|
|
The nerves that relax and create tranquil activities in the human body are ______________ ________________.
|
Parasympathetic Nerves
|
|
Describe "Downside Effect".
|
When the body reacts to the presence of a drug by releasing hormones or neurotransmitters to counteract the effects of the drug consumed.
|
|
Diazepam is also known as _____________.
|
Valium
|
|
Describe Metabolite.
|
A chemical product formed by the reaction of a drug with oxygen and/or other substances in the body.
|
|
Nerves that carry messages away from the brain are ________________ __________________.
|
Efferent Nerves (Motor Nerves)
|
|
Nerves that carry messages to the brain are _____________ ________________.
|
Afferent Nerves (Sensory Nerves)
|
|
________________ carry blood away from the heart
|
Arteries
|
|
What are the two types of nerves that make up the autonomic nervous system?
|
Sympathetic and Parasympathetic Nerves
|
|
Vital signs that are relevant to the drug influence evaluation are:
|
Pulse, Blood Pressure, Body Temperature
|
|
Pulse is recorded in _______ _______ __________
|
Beats per minute (BPM)
|
|
Describe Arrythmia.
|
Abnormal heart rhythm
|
|
Why do you not use your thumb to take pulse readings?
|
Because your thumb has its' own pulse
|
|
Describe the Daubert Standard
|
Shows reliability before scientific evidence can be admitted.
|
|
Name the most commonly abused drug of the Narcotic Analgesics.
|
Heroin
|
|
Name the three types of Inhalants.
|
1. Volatile Solvents
2. Aerosols 3. Anesthetic Gases |
|
Define Hypotension.
|
Abnormally low blood pressure
|
|
Define Hypertension.
|
Abnormally high blood pressure
|
|
Name the two individuals who played a major role in the development of the DRE program.
|
Dick Studdard - LAPD Traffic Officer
Len Leeds - LAPD Narcotics Officer |
|
The Johns Hopkins laboratory validation study used what drugs?
|
Secobarbital, Valium, Amphetamine, Marijuana
|
|
At what step(s) in the 12 Step DRE evaluation is the pulse taken?
|
3, 6, 9
|
|
What measurement are the diameters of the pupils measured in when using a pupillometer?
|
millimeters
|
|
Name the four validated clues in the One Leg Stand test.
|
Sways, Hops, Uses arms for balance, Puts foot down
|
|
Name the eight validated clues of the Walk and Turn test.
|
Instruction Phase: Starts too soon, looses balance
Performance Phase: Stops while walking, misses heel to toe, steps off line, uses arms to balance, improper turn, incorrect number of steps |
|
Name the validated clues for the Horizontal Gaze Nystagmus.
|
Lack of Smooth Pursuit, Distinct and Sustained Nystagmus at maximum deviation, angle of onset of nystagmus
|
|
Define Physiology.
|
The study of the functions of living organisms and their parts.
|
|
Name the three types of muscles in the human body.
|
Heart or cardiac muscle, smooth muscles, striated muscles
|
|
Hormones are secreted from glands in which system of the body?
|
Endocrine System
|
|
Name and describe the parts of a neuron.
|
Axon - sends the neurotransmitters
Dendrite - Receives the neurotransmitters Synapse or Synaptic Gap - Gap between two neurons |
|
Name a sympathomimetic and parasympathomimetic drug.
|
Sympathomimetic - Cocaine (Stimulants)
Parasympathomimetic - Valium (Depressants) |
|
Define "Medical Rule-Out".
|
A determination made by a DRE that the condition of a suspected impaired driver is more likely related to a medical issue that has affected the subjects's ability to operate a vehicle safely.
|
|
What vein carries oxygenated blood?
|
Pulmonary Vein
|
|
Ingesting Drugs from two or more drug categories is called ____________
|
Polydrug use
|
|
The "FIRST" DRE "laboratory" validation study was the ______________
|
John Hopkins Study
|
|
In the Los Angeles "FIELD" validation study, slightly more than what percentage of the subjects examined were found to have more than one drug in their system.
|
70%
|
|
Which drug was the most detected drug in the LAPD DRE "FIELD" study.
|
PCP
|
|
What is the ARTERY used in the measurement of blood pressure.
|
Brachial |
|
What is the sequence when administering SFST's during the "DRE" process.
|
Modified Romberg Balance, Walk and Turn, One Leg Stand, and Finger-to-Nose. |
|
Sympathomimetic drugs artificially cause the transmission of message that produce ________ blood pressure and Pulse Rate.
|
Elevated
|
|
Pulmonary artery is unique because it is the only artery that __________________________
|
Carries blood depleted of oxygen. |
|
Which DRE drug categories cause a Lack of Convergence.
|
Cannabis, Dissociative Anesthetics, Inhalants, and CNS Depressants. (D.I.D.C.)
|
|
What DRE drug categories cause Horizontal Gaze Nystagmus.
|
Dissociative Anesthetics, Inhalants, and CNS Depressants. (D.I.D.)
|
|
What is the name of the pulse point located in the crease of the wrist.
|
Radial
|
|
Bruxism is usually associated with someone under the influence of what DRE drug category.
|
CNS Stimulants
|
|
What is a Flashback?
|
A vivid recollection of a hallucinogen experience.
|
|
What are three types of flashbacks.
|
2. Somatic 3. Perceptual |
|
Name three naturally occurring Hallucinogens.
|
Peyote, Psilocybin, and Salvia Divinorum.
|
|
What is a "BAD TRIP"
|
A terrifying flashback. |
|
What does "Psychotomimetic" mean.
|
Something that mimics psychosis. |
|
What is an Illusion.
|
|
|
What is a delusion.
|
False belief (I am an Elephant) |
|
Whats is the difference between "Hallucinations" and "Pseudo-Hallucinations".
|
Pseudo - Users are typically aware what they are seeing, hearing, smelling isn't real and is caused by the drugs. |
|
What is "Piloerection"
|
Goosebumps |
|
What must a NON-PDR source include.
|
2. Be readily Available. 3. Be periodically updated. 4. Be utilized by practioners / Scientific / Healthcare fields. 5. At a minimum contain; Drug name, forms, actions, and side effects. |
|
What drug is not in the PDR.
|
Heroin |
|
What are the 6 MAJOR sub categories of CNS Depressants. C.A.B.A.N.A.
|
1. Combined (Combination) Depressants 2. Anti Anxiety 3. Barbituates 4. Anti- Depressants 5. Non-Barbituates 6. Anti- Psychotic |
|
Name the (4) groups Depressants based on Onset and duration time factors.
|
2. Short 3. Intermediate 4. Long |
|
CNS Depressants that cause pupils to Dilate
|
Soma and Quaaludes |
|
Generic name for the drug Prozac.
|
Fluoxetine |
|
What is the trade name for drug "Alprazolam"
|
Xanax |
|
What is the name of the sub-category of CNS Depressants that is also known as the "Minor Tranquilizers"?
|
Anti-Anxiety |
|
Where is the Radial Artery Pulse?
|
Crease of the wrist. |
|
Average pupil size Near total Darkness and range.
|
Range 5.0mm - 8.5mm |
|
Average pupil size Direct Light and range.
|
3.0mm
Range 2.0mm - 4.5mm |
|
Average pupil size Room Light and range.
|
4.0mm
Range 2.5mm - 5.0mm |
|
Inability to cross the eyes is referred to as?
|
Lack of Convergence
|
|
Needle gauges, which is larger a 14 or 20?
|
14 |
|
In 2013-2014 National Roadside Survey of Alcohol and Drug use by drivers, more than ____ % of drivers, tested positive for at lease one ILLEGAL drug?
|
15%
|
|
Term: Dissociative Anesthetic
|
Cutting off or dissociating the brains perception of pain, inducing state of sedation, immobility, amnesia, and analgesia. |
|
ACCOMODATION REFLEX
|
The adjustment of the eyes at various distances. The pupils of the eyes will automatically constrict as objects move closer.
|
|
ADDICTION
|
habitual, psychological, and physiological dependence on a substance beyond one’s voluntary control.
|
|
ADDITIVE EFFECT
|
two drugs affect the indicator in the same way. For example, cocaine elevates pulse rate and PCP also elevates pulse rate. The combination of cocaine and PCP produces an additive effect on pulse rate.
|
|
AFFERENT NERVES
|
Sensory Nerves.
|
|
ALKALOID
|
A chemical that is found in, and can be physically extracted from, some substance. morphine is a natural alkaloid of opium. It does not require a chemical reaction to produce morphine from opium.
|
|
ANALGESIC
|
A drug that relieves or allays pain.
|
|
ANALOG (of a drug)
|
An analog of a drug is a chemical that is very similar to the drug, both in terms of molecular structure and in terms of psychoactive effects. Ketamine is an analog of PCP.
|
|
ANESTHETIC
|
A drug that produces a general or local insensibility to pain and other
sensation. |
|
ANTAGONISTIC EFFECT
|
two drugs affect the indicator in opposite ways.heroin constricts pupils while cocaine dilates pupils. The combination of heroin and cocaine produces an antagonistic effect on pupil size.
|
|
ARRHYTHMIA
|
An abnormal heart rhythm.
|
|
ARTERY
|
The strong, elastic blood vessel that carries blood away from the heart.
|
|
ATAXIA
|
A blocked ability to coordinate movements. A staggering walk and poor balance may be caused by damage to the brain or spinal cord. results of trauma, birth defect, infection, tumor or drug use.
|
|
AUTONOMIC NERVE
|
A motor nerve that carries messages to the muscles and organs that we do not consciously control. Two kinds of autonomic nerves, the sympathetic nerves and parasympathetic nerves
|
|
AXON
|
The part of a neuron (nerve cell) that sends out a neurotransmitter.
|
|
BAC
|
(Blood Alcohol Concentration) – The percentage of alcohol in a person’s blood.
|
|
BrAC
|
(Breath Alcohol Concentration) – The percentage of alcohol in a person’s blood as measured by a breath testing device.
|
|
BLOOD PRESSURE
|
The force exerted by blood on the walls of the arteries. Blood pressure changes continuously, as the heart cycles between contraction and expansion.
|
|
BRADYCARDIA
|
Abnormally slow heart rate; pulse rate below the normal range.
|
|
BRADYPNEA
|
Abnormally slow rate of breathing.
|
|
BRUXISM
|
Grinding the teeth. This behavior is often seen in persons who are under the influence of cocaine or other CNS stimulants.
|
|
CANNABIS
|
Cannabis includes marijuana, hashish,
hash oil and marinol. |
|
Species of plants from which marijuana and related products are
made |
Cannabis Sativa and Cannabis Indicia
|
|
CARBOXY THC
|
A metabolite of THC (tetrahydrocannabinol).
|
|
CHEYNE–STOKES RESPIRATION
|
Abnormal pattern of breathing. Marked by breathlessness and deep, fast
breathing. |
|
CNS (Central Nervous System)
|
A system within the body consisting of the brain, the brain stem and the spinal
cord. |
|
CNS DEPRESSANTS
|
CNS depressants include alcohol,
barbiturates, anti–anxiety tranquilizers and numerous other drugs. |
|
CNS STIMULANTS
|
CNS stimulants include cocaine, the
amphetamines, ritalin, preludin and numerous other drugs. |
|
CONJUNCTIVITIS
|
An inflammation of the mucous membrane that lines the inner surface of the eyelids caused by infection, allergy or outside factors and may be bacterial or viral.
|
|
CONVERGENCE
|
The "crossing" of the eyes that occurs when a person is able to focus on a
stimulus as it is pushed slowly toward the bridge of his or her nose. |
|
CRACK/ROCK
|
Cocaine base, appears as a hard, solid form resembling pebbles or small rocks. It produces a very intense, but relatively short duration "high".
|
|
CURRICULUM VITAE
|
A written summary of a person’s education, training, experience, noteworthy achievements and other information about a particular topic
|
|
CYCLIC BEHAVIOR
|
A manifestation of impairment due to certain drugs, in which the subject alternates between periods (or cycles) of intense agitation and relative calm.Cyclic behavior, sometimes will be observed in persons under the
influence of PCP. |
|
DELIRIUM
|
A brief state characterized by incoherent excitement, confused speech,restlessness and possible hallucinations.
|
|
DENDRITE
|
The part of a neuron (nerve cell) that receives a neurotransmitter
|
|
DIACETYL MORPHINE
|
The chemical name for Heroin.
|
|
DIASTOLIC
|
The lowest value of blood pressure. The blood pressure reaches its diastolic value when the heart is fully expanded or relaxed (Diastole).
|
|
DIPLOPIA
|
Double vision.
|
|
DISSOCIATIVE ANESTHETIC
|
Includes drugs that inhibit pain by cutting off or "disassociating" the brain's perception of pain. PCP and it’s analogs are considered dissociative anesthetics.
|
|
DIVIDED ATTENTION
|
Concentrating on more than 1task at a time. The 4 psychophysical tests used by DREs require the subject to divide attention.
|
|
DOWNSIDE EFFECT
|
An effect that may occur when the body reacts to the presence of a drug by producing hormones or neurotransmitters to counteract the effects of the drug consumed
|
|
DRUG
|
Any substance, which when taken into the human body, can impair the ability of the person to operate a vehicle safely.
|
|
DYSPNEA
|
Shortness of breath.
|
|
DYSMETRIA
|
An abnormal condition that prevents the affected person from properly
estimating distances linked to muscular movements. |
|
DYSPHORIA
|
A mood disorder. Feelings of depression and anguish.
|
|
EFFERENT NERVES
|
see motor nerves
|
|
ENDOCRINE SYSTEM
|
The network of glands that do not have ducts and other structures. They secrete hormones into the blood stream to affect a number of functions in the body.
|
|
EXPERT WITNESS
|
A person skilled in some art, trade, science or profession, having knowledge of matters not within the knowledge of persons of average education, learning and experience
|
|
FLASHBACK
|
A vivid recollection of a portion of an hallucination. 1) emotional–feelings of panic, fear,(2) somatic –altered body sensations, tremors, dizziness,(3) perceptual–distortions of vision, hearing, smell, etc.
|
|
GARRULITY
|
Chatter, rambling or pointless speech. Talkative.
|
|
HALLUCINATION
|
sensory experience of something that does not exist outside the mind, e.g.
seeing, hearing, smelling or feeling something that isn't really there. |
|
HALLUCINOGENS
|
One of the seven drug categories. Hallucinogens include LSD, MDMA, peyote, psilocybin and numerous other drugs.
|
|
HASHISH
|
A form of Cannabis made from the dried and pressed resin of a marijuana
plant. |
|
HASH OIL
|
it is a highly concentrated syrup–like
oil extracted from marijuana. THC content usually 10% to 12%. |
|
HEROIN
|
A powerful and widely–abused narcotic analgesic that is chemically derived from morphine. The chemical, or generic name of heroin is "diacetyl morphine"
|
|
HIPPUS
|
A rhythmic pulsating of the pupils of the eyes, as they dilate and constrict
within fixed limits. |
|
HOMEOSTASIS
|
The dynamic balance, or steady state, involving levels of salts, water, sugars,
and other materials in the body's fluids. |
|
HORIZONTAL GAZE NYSTAGMUS (HGN)
|
Involuntary jerking of the eyes occurring as the eyes gaze to the side.
|
|
HORMONES
|
Chemicals produced by the body's endocrine system that are carried through the blood stream to the target organ.
|
|
HYDROXY THC
|
A metabolite of THC (tetrahydrocannabinol).
|
|
HYPERFLEXIA
|
Exaggerated or over extended motions.
|
|
HYPERGLYCEMIA
|
Excess sugar in the blood.
|
|
HYPERPNEA
|
A deep, rapid or labored breathing.
|
|
HYPERPYREXIA
|
Extremely high body temperature.
|
|
HYPERREFLEXIA
|
A neurological condition marked by increased reflex reactions.
|
|
HYPERTENSION
|
Abnormally high blood pressure. Do not confuse this with hypotension.
|
|
HYPOGLYCEMIA
|
An abnormal decrease of blood sugar levels.
|
|
HYPOTENSION
|
Abnormally low blood pressure. Do not confuse this with hypertension.
|
|
HYPOTHERMIA
|
Decreased body temperature.
|
|
ICE
|
A crystalline form of methamphetamine that produces a very intense and fairly
long–lasting "high". |
|
INHALANTS
|
The inhalants include volatile solvents (such as glue and gasoline), aerosols (such as hair spray and insecticides) and anesthetic gases (such as nitrous oxide).
|
|
INSUFFLATION
|
snorting
|
|
INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM
|
The skin and accessory structures, hair and nails
|
|
INTRAOCULAR
|
"Within the eyeball".
|
|
KOROTKOFF SOUNDS
|
A series of distinct sounds produced by blood passing through an artery, as the external pressure on the artery drops from the systolic value to the diastolic
value. |
|
LACK OF CONVERGENCE
|
The inability of a person's eyes to converge, or "cross" as the person attempts to focus on a stimulus
|
|
MARIJUANA
|
Common term for the Cannabis Sativa plant.
|
|
MARINOL
|
A drug containing a synthetic form of THC (tetrahydrocannabinol)
|
|
METABOLISM
|
The sum of all chemical processes that take place in the body as they relate to the movements of nutrients in the blood after digestion, resulting in growth, energy, release of wastes and other body functions.
|
|
METABOLITE
|
A chemical product formed by the reaction of a drug with oxygen and/or other substances in the body.
|
|
MIOSIS
|
Abnormally constricted pupils.
|
|
MOTOR NERVES
|
Nerves that carry messages away from the brain, to the body's muscles, tissues, and organs. Motor nerves are also known as efferent nerves.
|
|
MYDRIASIS
|
Abnormally dilated pupils.
|
|
NARCOTIC ANALGESICS
|
opium, the natural alkaloids of opium (such as morphine, codeine and thebaine), the derivatives of opium (heroin, dilaudid, percodan oxycodone), the synthetic narcotics (demerol numorphan).
|
|
NERVE
|
A cord–like fiber that carries messages either to or from the brain.
|
|
NEURON
|
A nerve cell. The basic functional unit of a nerve. It contains a nucleus within
a cell body with one or more axons and dendrites. |
|
NEUROTRANSMITTER
|
Chemicals that pass from the axon of one nerve cell to the dendrite of the next cell, and that carry messages across the gap between the two nerve cells.
|
|
NULL EFFECT
|
two drugs produce a null effect if neither of them affects that indicator. PCP does not affect pupil size and alcohol doesnt affect pupil size.
|
|
NYSTAGMUS
|
An involuntary jerking of the eyes.
|
|
"ON THE NOD"
|
A state of deep relaxation, induced by impairment due to heroin or other
narcotic analgesic. The subject's eyelids droop and chin rests on the chest. Subject may appear to be asleep |
|
OVERLAPPING EFFECT
|
two drugs produce an overlapping effect if one of them affects the
indicator but the other doesn't. cocaine dilates pupils whilealcohol doesn't affect pupil size. |
|
PALLOR
|
An abnormal paleness or lack of color in the skin.
|
|
PARANOIA
|
Mental disorder characterized by delusions and the projection of personal conflicts, that are ascribed to the supposed hostility of others.
|
|
PARAPHERNALIA
|
kinds of tools and other equipment used to store, transport or ingest a drug.
|
|
PARASYMPATHETIC NERVE
|
An autonomic nerve that commands the body to relax and to carry out tranquil activities. "at ease" commands to the muscles, tissues and organs.
|
|
PARASYMPATHOMIMETIC DRUGS
|
Drugs that mimic neurotransmitters associated with the parasympathetic nerves. These drugs artificially cause the transmission of messages that produce lower BP, drowsiness,
|
|
PHENCYCLIDINE
|
A contraction of PHENYL CYCLOHEXYL PIPERIDINE, or PCP.
|
|
PHENYL CYCLOHEXYL PIPERIDINE (PCP)
|
Often called "phencyclidine" or “PCP”, it is a specific drug belonging to the
Dissociative Anesthetics category. |
|
PHYSIOLOGY
|
The study of living organisms and the changes that occur during activity.
|
|
PILOERECTION
|
Literally "hair standing up" or goose bumps. This condition of the skin is often observed in persons who are under the influence of LSD.
|
|
POLYDRUG USE
|
Ingesting drugs from two or more drug categories.
|
|
PSYCHEDELIC
|
A mental state characterized by a profound sense of intensified or altered
sensory perception sometimes accompanied by hallucinations. |
|
PSYCHOPHYSICAL TESTS
|
Methods of investigating the mental (psycho–) and physical characteristics of a person suspected of alcohol or drug impairment.
|
|
PSYCHOTOGENETIC
|
"creating psychosis" or "giving birth to insanity"
|
|
PSYCHOTOMIMETIC
|
"mimicking psychosis" or "impersonating insanity".
|
|
PTOSIS
|
Droopy eyelids.
|
|
PULSE
|
The expansion and relaxation of the walls of an artery, caused by the surging flow of blood.
|
|
PULSE RATE
|
The number of expansions of an artery per minute.
|
|
REBOUND DILATION
|
A period of constriction followed by dilation with a change equal to or greater than 2 mm.
|
|
RESTING NYSTAGMUS
|
Jerking of the eyes as they look straight ahead.
|
|
SCLERA
|
A dense white fibrous membrane that, with the cornea, forms the external
covering of the eyeball (i.e. the white part of the eye). |
|
SENSORY NERVES
|
Nerves that carry messages to the brain from the various parts of the body, including notably the sense organs (eyes, ears, etc.). Sensory nerves are also known as afferent nerves.
|
|
SINSEMILLA
|
The unpollenated female cannabis plant, having a relatively high concentration of THC.
|
|
SFST
|
Standardized Field Sobriety Testing.3 SFSTs, namely Horizontal Gaze Nystagmus (HGN), Walk and Turn and One Leg Stand.
|
|
SNORTING
|
The user rapidly draws the drug up into the nostril, usually via a paper or glass tube
|
|
SPHYGMOMANOMETER
|
A medical device used to measure blood pressure.
|
|
STETHOSCOPE
|
A medical instrument used for drug evaluation and classification purposes in order to listen to the sounds produced by blood passing through an artery
|
|
SYMPATHETIC NERVE
|
autonomic nerve that commands the body to react in response to excitement, stress, fear, etc. The brain uses sympathetic nerves to send "wake up calls" and "fire alarms" to the muscles, tissues and organs.
|
|
SYMPATHOMIMETIC DRUGS
|
Drugs that mimic the neurotransmitter associated with the sympathetic nerves.
These drugs artificially cause the transmission of messages that produce elevated BP, dilated pupils |
|
SYNAPSE
|
The gap or space between two neurons (nerve cells).
|
|
SYNESTHESIA
|
A sensory perception disorder, in which an input via one sense is perceived by the brain as an input via another sense.
|
|
SYSTOLIC
|
The highest value of blood pressure
|
|
TACHYCARDIA
|
Abnormally rapid heart rate; pulse rate above the normal range.
|
|
TACHYPNEA
|
Abnormally rapid rate of breathing.
|
|
THC (Tetrahydrocannabinol)
|
The principal psychoactive ingredient in drugs belonging to the cannabis
category. |
|
TOLERANCE
|
adjustment of the drug user's body and brain to the repeated presence of the drug. As tolerance develops, the user will experience diminishing psychoactive effects from the same dose of the drug. A
|
|
TRACKS
|
Scar tissue usually produced by repeated injection of drugs, via hypodermic needle, along a segment of a vein.
|
|
VERTICAL GAZE NYSTAGMUS
|
An involuntary jerking of the eyes (up and down) which occurs as the eyes are held at maximum elevation.
|
|
VOIR DIRE
|
In a law or court context, one application of voir dire is to question a witness to assess his or her qualifications to be considered an expert in some matter pending before the court.
|
|
VOLUNTARY NERVE
|
A motor nerve that carries messages to a muscle that we consciously control.
|
|
WITHDRAWAL
|
This occurs in someone who is physically addicted to a drug when he or she is
deprived of the drug. |