Dr. H, Uark, Sociology: Chapter 6

Front 1

gang

Back 1

ongoing group of people who band together for purposes are considered to be deviant or criminal by large society

Front 2

Sociologists Puffer

Back 2

agreed that youth gangs can be found in many settings and among all races

Front 3

Sociologist Venkatesh

Back 3

researched into the underground economy in Chicago and the gangs that constitute part of the economy

Front 4

Sociologist Adler & Adler

Back 4

cliques have a hierarchical structure dominated by leaders not all individuals who desire membership are accepted

Front 5

gang behavior

Back 5

example of deviant behavior

Front 6

gangs are international problem

Back 6

true

Front 7

according to sociologists, deviance may serve a useful purpose in society

Back 7

false

Front 8

studies have shown that peer cliques have become more increasingly important to adolescents over the past two decades

Back 8

true

Front 9

peer cliques on high campuses have few similarities to youth gangs

Back 9

false

Front 10

rising crime rates are accurately reflected by the extensive crime coverage in the media and the growing number of crime dramas on television

Back 10

false

Front 11

most people join gangs to escape from broken homes caused by divorce or the death of a parent

Back 11

false

Front 12

street crime has a much higher economic cost to society than crimes committed in executive suites or by government officials

Back 12

false

Front 13

juvenile gangs are urban problem; few rural areas have problems with gangs

Back 13

false

Front 14

deviance

Back 14

any behavior belief condition that violates significant social norms in the society or group in which it occurs

Front 15

behavioral deviance

Back 15

person's intentional or inadvertent actions

Front 16

intentional deviance

Back 16

ex. drinking too much or robbing a bank

Front 17

inadvertent deviance

Back 17

losing money in a casino or laughing at a funeral

Front 18

regarded as deviant:

Back 18

unusual belief system
condition
characteristics

Front 19

Aids

Back 19

Rose Weitz; People with Aids live with a stigma that affects relationships with people.

Front 20

stigma

Back 20

any physical or social attribute or sign
devalues a person's social identity disqualifies person from full social acceptance

Front 21

Sociologist Goffman

Back 21

stigmatized person has a "spoiled identity" due to negative evaluation by others

Front 22

Sociologist Kai T Erikson

Back 22

deviance is not property inherent in forms of behavior
it is a property conferred by forms of audiences that directly or indirectly witness them.

Front 23

violation of mores

Back 23

falsifying on college application
cheating on exam

Front 24

crime

Back 24

Behavior that violates criminal law and is punishable with fines jail terms and negative sanctions

Front 25

juvenile delinquency

Back 25

a violation of law or the commission of a status offense by young people

Front 26

social control

Back 26

systematic practices that social groups develop in order to encourage conformity to norms rules laws and to discourage deviance

Front 27

criminology

Back 27

the systematic study of crume and the criminal justice system including police courts prisons

Front 28

Merton's strain theory

Back 28

the proposition that people feel starin when they are exposed to cultural goals that they are unable to obtain because they do not have access to culturally approved means of achieving thise goals.

Front 29

Sociologist Durkheim

Back 29

believed that deviance is rooted in societal factors; lack of social interaction

Front 30

contemporary fuctionalost theorists

Back 30

1. deviance clarifies rules
2. deviance unites a group
3. deviance promotes social change.

Front 31

merton's strain theory

Back 31

conformity: accepts culturally approved goals; pursues them through culturally approvee means

innovation: accepts cuturally approved goals; adopts disapproved means of achieving them

ritualism: abandons society's goals but continues to conform to approved means

retreatism: abandons both approved goals and the approved means to achieve them

rebellion: challenges both the approved goals and the approves means to achieve them

Front 32

illegitimate opportunity structures

Back 32

circumstances that provide an opportunity for people to acquire theough illegitimate activities what they cannot achieve through legitimate channels

Front 33

sociologist padilla

Back 33

gang membership was linked to the member's belief that they might reach their aspiratiins by transforming the gang into a business enterprise

Front 34

types of gangs

Back 34

criminal: devoted to theft extortion other illegal means of securing an income

conflict: seek to acquire a reputation by fighting over territory and adopting a value system of toughness courage and qualities.

retreatist: consumption of drugs is stressed and addiction is prevalent

Front 35

Sociologist Yablonsky

Back 35

studied delinquent gangs; found more likely to sell and use drugs and carry weapon