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48 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What pre-renal cause causes acute renal failure?
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DehydrationàVolume depletion (#1 cause)
Hypotension CHF Renal artery stenosis (atherosclerotic D) |
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What renal cause causes acute renal failure?
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Glomerulonephritis
Tubular necrosis (nsaid,aBs) Contrast media injections Thrombo-embolic activity |
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What Post-renal cause causes acute renal failure?
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Enlarged prostate
Pelvic Tumor blocking ureters Renal stone in ureter Renal calculi in pelvis |
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UTI presents MC as what?
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UVeitis/cystitis>pylonephritis
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UTI presentation:
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MC no symptoms
Frequency Urgency Dysuria (pain on voiding) ± Hematuria fever, nausea, vomiting |
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common symptom of bladder cancer?
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Gross hematuria (painless)
Clot can form due to Hematuria This can lead to obstruction of Bladder ± Pyuria (may be painless) |
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Urinary incontinence in a female?
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multiparous (multiple births) = weak pelvic floor
decrease in estrogen G – B9PH UTI Dec. mobility Drugs (> 40 YO) |
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Cause of fecal impaction?
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Neuro
Dec motility/mobility poor diet/nutrition Dec Fluid intake |
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dental carries are more or less painful in the geriatric?
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Less painful
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cause an unpleasant taste in the mouth?
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Oral mucosa DZ
Chronic Renal Failure(metallic taste) |
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Oral mucosa DZ causes:
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Candidiasis albicans
aka oral thrush MC from ill fitting dentures |
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S/Sx Oral mucosa DZ:
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asymptomatic
Bad taste in mouth as a side effect of drugs Burning Aphthous ulcers – white ulcerations w/red base (found on cheek, floor, lips) Canker sore – stress, new toothbrush toothbrush trauma Herpetic ulcers (Type I) – painful stress too acidic |
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MC cause of xerostomia?
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drying around the mouth
a side effect of medications |
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What dental treatments follow an MI?
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no proof that there should not be dental treatments following an MI
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most common cause of progressive dysphagia?
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esophageal cancer MC
aortic aneurysm stroke myasthinia gravis |
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esophaqeal Ca Sites
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M/c cause obstruction & prog dysphagia
site 1 phary-esoph jxn site2 L-main bronchus crosses the esophagus 3rd site distal end 60% occlusion before symptoms |
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hat are the causes of acute gastritis?
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NSAID use - MC
Alcohol Overwhelming stress |
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Where is the pain with peptic ulcer disease?
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poorly localized
L-sided abd pain lower chest (thoracic) |
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result of malabsorption in a case such as celiac’s disease?
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Weight loss
Steatorrhea Diarrhea Anemia Osteoporosis/Osteopenia/Osteopmalacia Vitamin loss |
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Occult blood tests to detect colorectal cancer should be done how often?
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sigmoidoscopy every 2-3 years
Guiac at least once a year Vitamin C = false positive |
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periodic episodes of constipation
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Lack of motility & mobility (movement essential)
Dietary (poor diet/nutrition) Fluid intake (Dehydration) |
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fecal impaction – leading to megacolon
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Anal sphincter muscle – loss of control (80% is the internal and 20% external sphincter)
Rectal wall compliance – can it be stretched The Anorectal angle – the muscle that wraps around the anus and forms an angle Anorectal sensations diabetes M and stroke inc risk |
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16. What kind of GI Tract indications is suggested by a patient with unexplained psychological complaints such as depression?
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pancreatic cancer
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RISK FACTORS
of pancreatic ca? |
Smoking
Fat diets for a long time EtOH Exposure to volatile hydrocarbons |
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SSX OF PANC CANCER
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Unexplained psychiatric complaints – over 75% of elderly have unexplained anxiety or depression
Weight loss Anorexia Upper abdominal pains Steatorrhea Jaundice |
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Male feminization is due to?
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Cirrhosis of the liver
estrogen is usually detoxified by the liver, anything that may cause severe liver damage (i.e. severe hepatitis) |
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Dryness from decreased sebaceous activity is found where?
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Xerosis (dry skin from cebum)
Excessive washing, detergents Location = lower legs, forearms, hands, ano-genital region Fine scaling of skin, fissures skin is mildly inflamed Lower leg = varicose veins (stasis deramtitis) |
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danger of an actinic keratosis?
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aka Solar Keratosis
developing into Squamous Cell Carcinoma thickens hardens |
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20. Where do decubitus ulcers present?
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Heels
Greater Trochanter Sacrum Scapulae Kyphotic spine (T-spine if you weren’t sure) aka dorsal spine Elbows |
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Predisposition to decubitus ulcers caused by:
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Immobility
Underlying fat Sensory loss Poor nutrition atherosclerosis |
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findings of decubitus ulcers
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Loss of sensory input
Dec Circulation (may be hypotensive as well) Dec Nutritional status (¯ healing) Deep ulcerations may form – possible DVT form |
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Psoriasis Vulgaris
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has white scales with an erythematous base found on the anterior thorax
Redness that is well demarcated Silvery white scales are superimposed on them spreads with scratching |
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distrib of psoriasis vulgaris
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Scalp
Extensor surface of elbow & knee Anterior trunk Pre-sacral area into inter-gluteal fold Palms & soles |
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#1 cause of uti
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Urinary Stasis
80% of Benign Prostate Hypertrophy |
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What do you do for benign prostatic hypertrophy?
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Proscar Drug, balloonoplasty, TURP
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proscar drug for prostatic hyertrophy
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Blocks conversion of Testosterone to Dihydrotestosterone
1 year to reach max gland reduction PRO – decreases size of Prostate by 30% CON – 50% of the time, it reduces the PSA level |
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Stages of prostate CA
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A Carcinoma In Situ (Foci of Cancer) = feels normal
B (Foci Grows) islets get larger form bump on prostate, intracapsular C (Tumor Enlarged) MC found here (extracapsular)pelvis film D (Tumor has taken over the gland) |
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What causes a “pear shape” of the geriatric patient’s trunk?
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Narrow shoulders
Pelvis widens Inc. Chest AP diameter |
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progressive skeletal changes
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Females 43%, Males 27% bone loss by age 80
dec disc/vb ht, cart grows |
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bone absorption begins to exceed bone formation, about what age does that occur at?
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0-14 – osteoblastic
14-25 – = 25+ – osteoclastic |
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28. Where does most muscle wasting occurs?
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Hands – interosseous spaces bc thin and bony
Arms / legs – thin & flabby Optimal chng = seen in older Asian females |
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causes the restless leg syndrome?
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MC to AVOID discomfort
Diabetic Hypoglycemia Hypocalcemia Diabetic Neuropathy Hyperventilation/Respiratory Alkalosis |
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symptoms of a burning tongue?
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Giant Cell Arteritis – burning tongue
albicans/oral thrush-whole moulth |
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pseudogout mc where?
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knee
iv. Concurrent DZ Gouty arthritis Wilson’s DZ Hyperthyroidism Hemochromatosis (accumulated dietary Fe)Normal serum uric acid Do not respond to colchisine therapy Joint aspiration for crystals = (+) biofringent (under Polarizing microscope) |
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35. Which can develop into a beta cell lymphoma?
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Sjögrenson’s Syndrome
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Nail incurvation?
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onycho/crypt/osis (ingrwn nail
Dorsal Exostosis Hooked nail corner |
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Dorsal helomata?
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hammer toe
corns on PIP & @ end of toe, from hyperkeratosis of skin against the bone padding/arthroplasty |
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Sullivan’s sign?
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X-ray shows splaying of proximal phalanges (if Neuroma is large enough)
mortons neuroma |