Domain 8: Individual Differences In Behavior

Front 1

What is Mental Retardation?

Back 1

-IQ less than 70
-Deficits in adaptive functioning in at least 2 areas (communication, self-care, home living, social/interpersonal skills, use of community resources, self-direction, academic skills, work, leisure, health safety)
-Onset before 18

Front 2

What are the different sub-groups of Mental Retardation?

Back 2

-Mild (55-70, minimal sensorimotor impairment, can develop social skills.
-Moderate (40-55)
-Severe (25-40, can learn elementary self-care skills)
-Profound (below 25, need highly structured environment)

Front 3

What is the etiology of Mental Retardation?

Back 3

-75% during embryonic stage (0-8 weeks)
-10% during perinatal stage (11lb in utero-1 month after birth)
-10% postnatal
-5% genetic in origin
-Male to female: 1.5:1

Front 4

What is the course of mental retardation?

Back 4

-3-4 times more comorbid diagnosis (ADHD, mood, PDD)
-Follow same developmntal stages but goals and rate is slower
-Cognitive development impaired
-Adaptive skills may improve over time with training.

Front 5

What are learning disorders?

Back 5

-Significant discrepancy (1-2 SD) between IQ and academic development.

Front 6

What are the different subtypes of learning disorders?

Back 6

-Reading Disorder
-Mathematics Disorder
-Disorder of Written Expression
-Learning Disorder NOS

Front 7

What is Developmental Coordination Disorder?

Back 7

-Motor skills disorder
-Deficits in daily activities that require motor coordination
-Clumsiness, poor performance in sports, handwriting.

Front 8

What are the different subtypes of Communication Disorders?

Back 8

Expressive Language Disorder, Mixed Receptive-Expressive Language Disorder, Phonological Disorder, Stuttering, Communication Disorder NOS

Front 9

Expressive Language Disorder

Back 9

Limited vocabulary, errors in tense, difficulty recalling words, difficulty producing sentences, 50% of children outgrow this.

Front 10

Mixed Receptive-Expressive Language Disorder

Back 10

Expressive language disorder PLUS difficulty understanding words, sentences, statements.

Front 11

Phonological Disorders

Back 11

Errors in sound production and use, omitting or substituting sounds.

Front 12

Stuttering

Back 12

Disturbance in normal fluency an time pattering of speech.

Front 13

What are the subtypes of Pervasive Developmental Disorders?

Back 13

Autistic Disorder, Rett's Disorder, Child Disintegrative Disorder, Asperger's Disorder, PDD NOS.

Front 14

Autistic Disorder

Back 14

Impairment in social interaction and communication, restricted repertoire of activities, onset prior to age 3, 75% also diagnosed with MR, prognosis best when onset is later, with higher IQ and when child speaks before age 5, male to female ratio 4:1

Front 15

Rett's Disorder

Back 15

Normal prenatal/perinatal development, normal psychmotor development through 5 months, between 5 months and 48 months (4y) there is a deceleration of head growth, stereotyped hand movements, loss of social engagement, poor coordination, severely impaired language development, only females.

Front 16

Child Disintegrative Disorder

Back 16

Normal development for 2 years, loss of skills acquired before age 10 (social skills, play, motor skills, bowel/bladder control), more common among males

Front 17

Asperger's Disorder

Back 17

-Qualitative impairment in social interaction and a restricted repertoire of behavior, no language delays, no cognitive development delays, more common among males, onset later than Autistic disorder.

Front 18

What are the subtypes of Attention-Deficit and Disruptive Disorder?

Back 18

Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder, Conduct Disorder, Oppositional Defiant Disorder, Disruptive Behavior Disorder NOS

Front 19

Attention-Defecit/Hyperactivity Disorder

Back 19

-Persistent pattern (+6 mo) of inattention and/or hyperactivity
-Symptoms must be present before 7 years
-Impairment must occur in at least 2 settings and be severe enough to interfere with functioning

Front 20

Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder, Inattentive

Back 20

-Must have 6+ of the following:
-Failure to pay attention to details, difficulty sustaining attention, does not listen to when spoken to directly, does not finish assignments, difficulty organizing, avoids tasks that require attention, loses things, easily distracted, forgetful

Front 21

Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder, Hyperactive/Impulsive

Back 21

-Must have 6+ of the following:
-Fidgets/squirms, stands up when sitting is expected. runs/climbs excessively, difficulty playing quietly, talks excessively, blurts out answers, difficulty waiting turn, interrupts others.

Front 22

What are the characteristics of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorders?

Back 22

-6-9 times more likely in males
-Associated Features: Low frustration tolerance, rejection, low self-esteem.

Front 23

What are some medication options for Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorders?

Back 23

-Ritalin, Cylert, Dexedrin, Adderall

Front 24

What are some diagnoses often comorbid with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorders?

Back 24

-ODD, CD, mood, anxiety, LD

Front 25

Conduct Disorder

Back 25

Persistent pattern of behavior in which basic right of others or societal norms are violated, may lead to legal problems, poor prognosis with early onset.

Front 26

What are the 4 groupings of conduct disorder?

Back 26

-Aggression to people/animals
-Destruction of property
-Deceitfulness/theft
-Serious violation of rules

Front 27

What are the criteria for the diagnosis of conduct disorder?

Back 27

-Bullying, physical fights, fire setting, truancy, etc.

Front 28

What are associated features of conduct disorder?

Back 28

Low self-esteem, temper outbursts, drinking, drugs

Front 29

What are some diagnoses comorbid with conduct disorder?

Back 29

ADHD, LD, mod, anxiety, substance disorders.

Front 30

What are the feeding and eating disorders?

Back 30

-PICA
-Rumination Disorder
-Feeding Disorder of Infancy/Early Childhood

Front 31

PICA

Back 31

-Eating non-nutritive substances for at least 1 month
-Associated with MR

Front 32

Rumination Disorder

Back 32

-Repeated regurgitation/re-chewing
-Onset between 3-12 months

Front 33

Feeding Disorder of Infancy/Early Childhood

Back 33

Failure to thrive, before age 6

Front 34

What are some the Tic Disorders?

Back 34

-Tourette's Disorder
-Chronic Motor or Vocal Tic
-Transient Tic Disorder
-Tic Disorder NOS

Front 35

Tourette's Disorder

Back 35

-Onset before 18
-Multiple motor and one or more vocal tics
-Comorbid with ADHD

Front 36

Chronic Motor or Vocal Tic

Back 36

Single or multiple motor or vocal tics (but not both)

Front 37

Transient Tic Disorder

Back 37

Tics present for minimum of 4 weeks, but mo more than 1 year

Front 38

What are some common medicinal treatments for tic disorders?

Back 38

Haldol, clonidine, prozac

Front 39

What are the two sub-types of Elimination Disorders?

Back 39

Encopresis and Enuresis

Front 40

Encopresis

Back 40

-Defecating in inappropriate places
-At least 1 pear month for 3+ months

Front 41

Enuresis

Back 41

-Urinating inappropriately
-Twice per week for 3+ months

Front 42

What are the sub-types of mood disorders?

Back 42

-Depressive Disorders
-Bipolar Disorders

Front 43

What are the sub-types of depressive disorders?

Back 43

-Major Depressive Disorder
-Suicide
-Dysthymic Disorder

Front 44

How is Major Depressive Disorder treated?

Back 44

-MAO's (Parnate, Nardil)
-SSRIs (Prozac, Zoloft, Paxil)
-CBT

Front 45

Suicide

Back 45

-Women attempt more often but men succeed 4 times more often
-Adolescents very vulnerable
-Most common among African American kids

Front 46

Dysthymic Disorder

Back 46

Depressed mood for at least 2 years

Front 47

What are the sub-types of Bipolar Disorder?

Back 47

-Bipolar I
-Bipolar II
-Cyclothymic Disorder

Front 48

Bipolar I

Back 48

At least 1 manic/mixed episode
Treated with Lithium

Front 49

Bipolar II

Back 49

At least 1 major depressive episode and I manic episode

Front 50

Cyclothymic Disorder

Back 50

Presence of numerous hypomanic symptoms and depressive symptoms for 2+ years

Front 51

What are the sub-types of Anxiety Disorders?

Back 51

-Panic Disorder without Agoraphobia
-Panic Disorder with Agoraphobia
-Agoraphobia
-Specific Phobia
-Social Phobia
-OCD
-Posttraumatic Stress Disorder
-Acute Stress Disorder
-Generalized Anxiety Disorder
-Separation Anxiety Disorder
-Selective Mutisum
-Reactive Attachment Disorder
-Stereotypic Movement Disorder

Front 52

Panic Disorder without Agoraphobia

Back 52

Panic attacks without agoraphobia

Front 53

Panic Disorder with Agoraphobia

Back 53

Meet criteria for both panic disorder and agoraphobia

Front 54

Specific Phobia

Back 54

Persistent fear related related to specific object or situation

Front 55

Social Phobia

Back 55

Fear of one or more social or performance situations

Front 56

OCD

Back 56

Obsessions or compulsions, treated with Prozac, usually diagnosed between 6-15 years in males and between 20-29 in females.

Front 57

Posttraumatic Stress Disorder

Back 57

Exposure to traumatic event causes intense fear

Front 58

Acute Stress Disorder

Back 58

Similar to PTSD, symptoms include numbing/detachment

Front 59

Generalized Anxiety Disorder

Back 59

Excessive worry for 6+ months, slightly more common among women

Front 60

Separation Anxiety Disorder

Back 60

-3+ of the following: Distress when separation occurs or is anticipated, worry about harm befalling attachment figure(s), worry about kidnapping, school refusal, sleep refusal, physical complaints during separation
-Duration is 3+ weeks
-Onset prior to age 18

Front 61

Selective Mutism

Back 61

-Onset typically before age 5
-Consistent failure to speak in specific social situations

Front 62

What are the 2 sub-types of Reactive Attachment Disorder?

Back 62

-Inhibited Type
-Distinguished Type

Front 63

Reactive Attachment Disorder, Inhibited Type

Back 63

-Hypervigilant, inhibited, or ambivalent responses in social situations

Front 64

Reactive Attachment Disorder, Distinguished Type

Back 64

-Indiscriminate sociability and lack of selectivity in attachment figures

Front 65

Stereotypic Movement Disorder

Back 65

Repetitive and nonfunctional motor behavior

Front 66

Stereotypic Movement Disorder

Back 66

Repetitive and nonfunctional motor behavior

Front 67

What is the method for understanding the function of specific behaviors?

Back 67

Functional Behavior Analysis (FBA)

Front 68

What are the steps in an FBA?

Back 68

1. Referral/problem statement, record review
-Med history, criminal history, education history, risk factors, protective factors.
2. Internal observation
-Informal notes
3. FBA Interview
-Identify range of problems, operationally define concern, estimate severity, identify possible motivating conditions an reinforcing events.
4. Select Target Behaviors/Events to Observe, Conduct Descriptive Analysis
-No variable manipulated, data taken on motivating events, target behaviors, and reinforcing events.
5. Further hypothesis testing by manipulating variables
-DA reveals only correlations, FBA demonstrates functional relationships
6. Selection/design of functionally-based treatment

Front 69

IDEA (2004)

Back 69

-Free and Appropriate Public Education (FAPE)
-LRE
-Individualized Education Program (IEP)
-Due Process hearing for parents
-Nondiscriminatory assessment
-Parental participation
-Written notification by parents/guardians

Front 70

No Child Left Behind (2001)

Back 70

-Requires states to implement statewide accountability systems over all public schools and students
-Assessment results broken out by poverty, race, ethnicity, disability, and limited English proficiency to ensure that no group is left behind.
-Schools that fail to make AYP will be subject to corrective action and restructuring measures
-Schools that exceed AYP or close gaps are eligible for STate Academic Achievement Awards