Dna/mitosis/meiosis

Front 1

Components of nucleotide

Back 1

Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and phosphorus atoms- a base, a simple sugar, and a phosphate group

Front 2

Kinds of RNA

Back 2

-mRNA- gets the instructions from DNA and Carries it to the ribosomes
-tRNA- brings in amino acids to the ribosomes, hooks to mRNA
-rRNA-makes up ribosomes

Front 3

Where replication takes place and how

Back 3

takes place in the nucleus- makes exact copies of entire chromosome

Front 4

Where transcription takes place and how

Back 4

takes place in nucleus- doesn't copy entire DNA, it is to get information to make proteins

Front 5

Where translation takes place and how

Back 5

takes place at the ribosomes in the cytoplasm

Front 6

Frameshift mutations

Back 6

Frameshift- involves the addition or deletion of a single base in a DNA molecule EX. The dog ate the cat, thd oga tet hec at

Front 7

Point mutations

Back 7

A change in a single base of the DNA molecule which affects the synthesis of an entire protein
1. substitution of bases within a letter code Ex. The dog atethe cat, the hog ate the cat
2. deletion or insertion of an entire 3 letter code Ex. The Dog ate the cat, the red dog ate the cat or the dog ate cat

Front 8

Gene mutation vs chromosomal mutation

Back 8

Gene mutation- a permanent change in the DNA sequence that makes up the gene
Chromosomal mutation- Mutations to chromosomes caused mostly by chromosomes breaking off and being lost during mitosis or meiosis or they break and rejoin incorrectly

Front 9

Code

Back 9

TAC (DNA)

Front 10

Codon

Back 10

AUG (mRNA)

Front 11

anticodon

Back 11

UAC (tRNA)

Front 12

How many nitrogen bases needed to make a code

Back 12

4

Front 13

Compare and contrast DNA vs RNA

Back 13

Structure:
-RNA is composed of a single strand of nucleotides, rather than double strands
-RNA has a different kind of sugar molecule, ribose
-Has 4 nitrogen bases but rather than thymine, RNA has uracil

Front 14

How many different amino acids are there

Back 14

20

Front 15

mutagen and examples

Back 15

causes the code to change- ionizing radiation such as ultraviolet light, gamma rays, and alpha particles

Front 16

Transcription

Back 16

Enzymes make an RNA copy of a DNA strand

Front 17

Replication

Back 17

Used everytime a cell reproduces by mitosis or gamete

Front 18

centromere

Back 18

the point on a chromosome by which it is attached to a spindle fiber during cell division

Front 19

chromatid

Back 19

each of the two threadlike strands into which a chromosome divides longitudinally during cell division. Each contains a double helix of DNA.

Front 20

chromatin

Back 20

the material of which the chromosomes of organisms other than bacteria (i.e., eukaryotes) are composed. It consists of protein, RNA, and DNA.