Eukaryotes have much larger genomes than prokaryotes, and therefore, must condense their DNA into chromatin. Chromatin is composed of histone proteins that help to condense and organize the DNA forming chromosomes. The basic unit of this chromatin is a nucleosome, which contains about 150 base pairs of DNA that are wrapped 1.7 times around the core histone proteins. However, this tightly wrapped chromatin becomes a problem when regulatory proteins need access to specific sections of the DNA. The genes are “turned off” to transcription by this physical structure until the needed section of chromatin is unwrapped, thus removing the obstacle. Once this unraveling occurs, the gene is turned on and transcription can begin [14].
Transcription, the first step in the process of creating a protein, copies the nucleotide sequence of DNA into a strand of RNA. RNA polymerase (Pol II) attaches to the chromosome and unwinds the two strands of DNA as it moves across the gene. This protein reads one strand of DNA, using it as a template, and attaches the complementary ribonucleotides. After Pol II completes transcription in one section, it rewinds the two strands back together. This process continues until the gene is completely transcribed, and a strand of RNA is created [14]. Our experiment studied the proteins …show more content…
coli cells were purified. The plasmid mini-preparation was done using the Qiagen kit to create a solution with purified plasmid DNA. Restriction enzyme digestion reactions used 8 μl of purified plasmid DNA, the EcoRV enzyme, and a cocktail [2]. Then agarose gel electrophoresis, using 1% agarose gel, was done on the digested plasmids [3]. Agarose gel electrophoresis displays the distances that the products had traveled, thus revealing the size of the products. This technique determined if the plasmid digestion worked properly, and the expected plasmids were obtained. Two bands, one at 603 bp and one at 2046 bp, should have
Transcription, the first step in the process of creating a protein, copies the nucleotide sequence of DNA into a strand of RNA. RNA polymerase (Pol II) attaches to the chromosome and unwinds the two strands of DNA as it moves across the gene. This protein reads one strand of DNA, using it as a template, and attaches the complementary ribonucleotides. After Pol II completes transcription in one section, it rewinds the two strands back together. This process continues until the gene is completely transcribed, and a strand of RNA is created [14]. Our experiment studied the proteins …show more content…
coli cells were purified. The plasmid mini-preparation was done using the Qiagen kit to create a solution with purified plasmid DNA. Restriction enzyme digestion reactions used 8 μl of purified plasmid DNA, the EcoRV enzyme, and a cocktail [2]. Then agarose gel electrophoresis, using 1% agarose gel, was done on the digested plasmids [3]. Agarose gel electrophoresis displays the distances that the products had traveled, thus revealing the size of the products. This technique determined if the plasmid digestion worked properly, and the expected plasmids were obtained. Two bands, one at 603 bp and one at 2046 bp, should have