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20 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the 3 components of a nucleotide DNA molecule? |
Phosphate group, 5-Carbon, nitrogenous base |
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How does the backbone of the DNA molecule consists of sugar and phosphate groups? |
Alternating sugar and phosphate group joined by covalent phosphodiester linkages |
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What is the orientation of the two side of the DNA helix |
The orientation of the two sides of the DNA helix is antiparallel, with the deoxyribose of the top rail having 5' carbon on the left and the deoxyribose of the end rail having the 3' carbon on the right |
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What is the significance of the S phase in the cell cycle? |
The significance of the S phase in the cell cycle is that it is the phase in which DNA replication occurs |
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What is the process of DNA replication called? |
DNA replication |
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What is the origin of replication and what are its common characteristics? |
Where replication starts and some common characteristics such as high AT content |
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What is the function of a helicase during DNA replication? |
The function of DNA helical during DNA replication is to break the hydrogen bonds between the bases |
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What is replication fork and what is its role in DNA replication? |
A replication fork is a Y-shaped point where the DNA separates so that it can be copied and it plays a crucial role in DNA replication. |
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What is the function of DNA topoisomerase and DNA primase in DNA replication? |
The function of DNA topoisomerase is to release the mechanical stress of unwinding and DNA primase (primosome) is to join RNA nucleotides to make the primer to initiate DNA synthesis. |
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What is the role of DNA polymerase in the replication of DNA and what are its limitations? |
The role of DNA polymerase in the replication of DNA is to catalyze the replication by adding complementary nucleotides. However, it has limitations as it cannot start replication and can only add to the 3' end and elongate strands in the 5'-3' direction. |
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What is the role of DNA ligase in the replication of DNA? |
The role of DNA ligase in the replication of DNA is to join Okazaki fragments of the lagging strand together. |
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How are new DNA strands formed in the replication of DNA? |
New DNA strands are formed in the replication of DNA by having the two strands of the double helix unwind and serve as templates for new strands, with DNA polymerase adding new nucleotides and DNA ligase sealing up the Okazaki fragments. |
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What is the complementary DNA strand for the sequence 5'-GCGTATG-3'? |
The complementary DNA strand for the sequence 5'-GCGTATG-3' is 3'-CGCATAC-5'. |
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Why is replication necessary? |
So both new cells will have the correct DNA |
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When does replication occur? |
During interphase (S phase) |
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Describe how replication works? |
Enzymes unzip DNA and complementary nucleotides join each original strand. |
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Purines have ________ rings, and pyrimidines have ____ ring |
2, 1 |
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Thymine and Cytosine are (Pyrimidines or Purines) |
Pyrimidines |
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Adenine and Guanine are (Pyrimidines or Purines) |
Purines |
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How do the nitrogenous bases form the rungs of the DNA ladder? |
The nitrogenous bases in DNA form hydrogen bonds between the complementary bases adenine and thymine, and between cytosine and guanine, creating the "rungs" of the DNA ladder. |
