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15 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is the difference between RNA and DNA? |
DNA is double-stranded, and RNA is single-stranded, amd the sugar in DNA is deoxyribose while the sugar in RNA is ribose. |
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What is a gene and what is it made of? |
A gene is a sequence of DNA that provides instructions for the synthesis of a specific protein. It is made up of a sequence of four nitrogenous bases: adenine (A), guanine (G), cytosine (C), and uracil (U) in RNA |
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What is gene expression and how does it occur? |
Gene expression is the process by which the information stored in a gene is used to direct the synthesis of a functional protein. It occurs through the transcription of DNA into RNA and the translation of RNA into protein. |
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What are introns and exons in mRNA? |
In mRNA, introns are the non-coding regions of the RNA molecule and exons are the coding regions that contain the information needed for protein synthesis. |
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What are the three types of RNA and what is their function? |
There are three types of RNA: messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). mRNA carries the genetic information from DNA to ribosomes, where it is translated into a protein. tRNA transfers the appropriate amino acids to the ribosome during protein synthesis. rRNA is a structural component of ribosomes and is involved in the formation of the ribosome's active site, where protein synthesis occurs. |
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What is a codon and what is it made of? |
A codon is a sequence of three nitrogenous bases in mRNA that specifies a particular amino acid. Codons are made up of combinations of adenine (A), guanine (G), cytosine (C), and uracil (U). |
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What is a tRNA and what is its function? |
tRNA is a type of RNA molecule that carries specific amino acids to the ribosome, where they are assembled into a protein. It has an anticodon, a sequence of three nitrogenous bases complementary to a codon on the mRNA, that allows it to recognize and bind to the appropriate codon during translation. |
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What is rRNA and what is its function? |
rRNA is a type of RNA that is a structural component of ribosomes. It is involved in the formation of the ribosome's active site, where protein synthesis occurs, and helps to catalyze the formation of peptide bonds between amino acids during translation. |
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What are ribosomes and what are they made of? |
Ribosomes are the molecular machines responsible for protein synthesis. They are made up of proteins and rRNA. |
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What is the process of protein synthesis and what are the components involved? |
Protein synthesis is the process by which a protein is assembled from its component amino acids. It occurs in two steps: transcription and translation. Transcription is the synthesis of RNA from DNA, and translation is the assembly of a protein from amino acids based on the instructions encoded in the RNA molecule. |
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What is the process of translation in protein synthesis? |
Translation is the second step in protein synthesis, in which the information encoded in the mRNA is used to assemble a protein from its component amino acids. It occurs at the ribosome, where the ribosome reads the codons in the mRNA and adds the corresponding amino acids to the growing protein chain. |
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What is the end product of protein synthesis? |
The end product of protein synthesis is a functional protein. |
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What are amino acids and what is their role in protein synthesis? |
Amino acids are the building blocks of proteins. There are 20 different amino acids that can be used to make a protein. |
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What is the primary structure of a protein and what does it consist of? |
The primary structure of a protein is its sequence of amino acids. This sequence determines the protein's overall shape and function. |
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What is the structure of the body made of and how is it related to proteins? |
The structure of the body is made of cells, tissues, and organs. Proteins play an important role in the structure of the body, as they make up the muscles, skin, hair, and other parts that give the body its shape and strength. |
