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26 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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DNA |
Double stranded organic compound that contains genetic information |
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RNA |
A nucleic acid that forms from DNA for use in making proteins |
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Nucleotide |
Repeating unit of a nucleic acid |
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Replication |
Process by which an exact copy of a DNA strand is made. |
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Protein |
Organic compound that is composed one or more chains of amino acids |
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Amino acid |
Building block of proteins |
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Peptide Bond |
A bond that links amino acids together in a protein |
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Transcription |
Process by which a copy of RNA is made from DNA |
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Translation |
Process by which a protein is made from the instructions found in mRNA. |
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mRNA |
Carries the instructions from DNA out of the nucleus |
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rRNA |
Makes up a ribosome |
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tRNA |
Transports amino acids to the ribosomes during protein synthesis |
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Double Helix |
The twisted ladder shape of the DNA molecule |
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Codon |
Set of 3 nitrogenous bases of mRNA that codes for an amino acid |
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Anticodon |
Set of 3 nitrogenous bases that match the codon on the mRNA |
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Base Pairing |
Hydrogen bonds only form between certain bases. A bonds to T and G bonds to C. |
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DNA Polymerase |
Principle enzyme involved in DNA replication. |
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Gene |
Coded DNA instructions that control the production of proteins. |
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RNA Polymerase |
Principle enzyme involved in transcription of mRNA. |
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Mutation |
A change in the genetic material |
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Insertion |
Type of mutation where a base is added |
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Deletion |
Type of mutation where a base is removed |
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Substitution |
Type of mutation in which one nitrogenous base is replaced by another nitrogenous base |
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Frame Shift |
Mutation that adds or deletes a nucleotide causing the remaining amino acids to be different |
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Point |
Mutation involving changes in one or few nucleotides. |
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Gel Electrophoresis |
Laboratory method used to separate DNA according to the size of the molecules. |
